31-08-2017, 01:45 PM
In artificial intelligence, an intelligent agent (IA) is an autonomous entity that observes through sensors and acts on an environment using actuators (that is, it is an agent) and directs its activity towards the achievement of objectives (that is, it is "rational", as defined in economics). Smart agents can also learn or use knowledge to achieve their goals. They can be very simple or very complex: a reflex camera like a thermostat is a smart agent.
Intelligent agents are often described schematically as an abstract functional system similar to a computer program. For this reason, intelligent agents are sometimes called Intelligent Abstract Agents (AIAs) to distinguish them from their real-world implementations such as computer systems, biological systems, or organizations. Some definitions of intelligent agents emphasize their autonomy, so they prefer the term autonomous intelligent agents. Others (Russell and Norvig, 2003) considered goal-directed behavior as the essence of intelligence and therefore prefer a term borrowed from economics, "rational agent."
Intelligent agents in artificial intelligence are closely related to agents of economics, and versions of the intelligent agent paradigm are studied in cognitive science, ethics, the philosophy of practical reason, as well as in many socio-cognitive models interdisciplinary and social simulations.
Smart agents are also closely related to software agents (a stand-alone computer program that performs tasks on behalf of users). In computing, the term intelligent agent can be used to refer to a software agent that has some intelligence, regardless of whether it is not a rational agent as defined by Russell and Norvig. For example, stand-alone programs used for operator assistance or data mining (sometimes called bots) are also called "smart agents".
Intelligent agents are often described schematically as an abstract functional system similar to a computer program. For this reason, intelligent agents are sometimes called Intelligent Abstract Agents (AIAs) to distinguish them from their real-world implementations such as computer systems, biological systems, or organizations. Some definitions of intelligent agents emphasize their autonomy, so they prefer the term autonomous intelligent agents. Others (Russell and Norvig, 2003) considered goal-directed behavior as the essence of intelligence and therefore prefer a term borrowed from economics, "rational agent."
Intelligent agents in artificial intelligence are closely related to agents of economics, and versions of the intelligent agent paradigm are studied in cognitive science, ethics, the philosophy of practical reason, as well as in many socio-cognitive models interdisciplinary and social simulations.
Smart agents are also closely related to software agents (a stand-alone computer program that performs tasks on behalf of users). In computing, the term intelligent agent can be used to refer to a software agent that has some intelligence, regardless of whether it is not a rational agent as defined by Russell and Norvig. For example, stand-alone programs used for operator assistance or data mining (sometimes called bots) are also called "smart agents".