30-05-2012, 10:27 AM
NANO TECHNOLOGY
NANO TECHNOLOGY22.doc (Size: 89 KB / Downloads: 19)
Abstract
This paper objectives in Nano Technology are the design, modeling, and fabrication ofmolecular machines, molecular devices and soft ware issues to design that kind of devices and machines. While the ultimate objective must clearly be economical fabrication, present capabilities preclude the manufacture of any but the most basic molecular structures. The design and modeling of molecular machines is, however, quite feasible with present technology. More to the point, such modeling is a cheap and easy way to explore the truly wide range of molecular machines that are possible, allowing the rapid evaluation and elimination of obvious dead ends and the retention and more intensive analysis of more promising designs. It is clear that the right computational support will substantially reduce the development time. With appropriate molecular computer aided design software, molecular modeling software and related tools, we can plan the development of molecular manufacturing systems on a computer.
Introduction
It is becoming increasingly accepted that we will, eventually, develop the ability to economically fabricate a truly wide range of structures with atomic precision. This will be of major economic value. Most obviously a molecular manufacturing capability will be a prerequisite to the construction of molecular logic devices. The continuation of present trends in computer hardware depends on the ability to fabricate ever smaller and ever more precise logic devices at ever decreasing costs. The limit of this trend is the ability to fabricate molecular logic devices and to connect them in complex patterns at the molecular level. The manufacturing technology needed will, almost of necessity, be able to economically manufacture large structures (computers) with atomic precision (molecular logic elements). This capability will also permit the economical manufacture of materials with properties that border on the limits imposed by natural law.
NANO TECHNOLOGY IN MEDICINE
It will deal with the problems involved in designing and building a micro-scale robot that can be introduced into the body to perform various medical activities. The preliminary design is intended for the following specific applications:
Tumors. We must be able to treat tumors; that is to say, cells grouped in a clumped mass. The specified goal is to be able to destroy tumorous tissue in such a way as to minimize the risk of causing or allowing a recurrence of the growth in the body.
Arteriosclerosis. This is caused by fatty deposits on the walls of arteries. The device should be able to remove these deposits from the artery walls. This will allow for both improving the flexibility of the walls of the arteries and improving the blood flow through them
Blood clots. The cause damage when they travel to the bloodstream to a point where they can block the flow of blood to a vital area of the body. This can result in damage to vital organs in very short order. By using a microrobot in the body to break up such clots into smaller pieces.
Design Software
The simple molecular machines simulated so far can be easily designed and modeled using ad hoc software and molecule development. However, to design complex systems such as the molecular assembler/replicators, more sophisticated software architecture will be needed. The current NanoDesign software architecture is a set of c++ classes with a tcl front end for interactive molecular gear design. Simulation is via a parallelized FORTRAN program which reads files produced by the design system. We envision a future architecture centered around an object oriented database of molecular machine components and systems with distributed access via CORBA from a user interface based on a WWW universal client.
Conclusions
The software required to design and model complex molecular machines is either already available, or can be readily developed over the next few years. The NanoDesign software is intended to design and test fullerene based hypothetical molecular machines and components. The system is in an early stage of development. Presently, tcl provides an interpreted interface, c++ objects represent design components, and a parallelized FORTRAN program
simulates the machine. In the future, an architecture based on distributed objects is envisioned. A standard set of interfaces would allow vendors to supply small, high quality components to a distributed system
NANO TECHNOLOGY22.doc (Size: 89 KB / Downloads: 19)
Abstract
This paper objectives in Nano Technology are the design, modeling, and fabrication ofmolecular machines, molecular devices and soft ware issues to design that kind of devices and machines. While the ultimate objective must clearly be economical fabrication, present capabilities preclude the manufacture of any but the most basic molecular structures. The design and modeling of molecular machines is, however, quite feasible with present technology. More to the point, such modeling is a cheap and easy way to explore the truly wide range of molecular machines that are possible, allowing the rapid evaluation and elimination of obvious dead ends and the retention and more intensive analysis of more promising designs. It is clear that the right computational support will substantially reduce the development time. With appropriate molecular computer aided design software, molecular modeling software and related tools, we can plan the development of molecular manufacturing systems on a computer.
Introduction
It is becoming increasingly accepted that we will, eventually, develop the ability to economically fabricate a truly wide range of structures with atomic precision. This will be of major economic value. Most obviously a molecular manufacturing capability will be a prerequisite to the construction of molecular logic devices. The continuation of present trends in computer hardware depends on the ability to fabricate ever smaller and ever more precise logic devices at ever decreasing costs. The limit of this trend is the ability to fabricate molecular logic devices and to connect them in complex patterns at the molecular level. The manufacturing technology needed will, almost of necessity, be able to economically manufacture large structures (computers) with atomic precision (molecular logic elements). This capability will also permit the economical manufacture of materials with properties that border on the limits imposed by natural law.
NANO TECHNOLOGY IN MEDICINE
It will deal with the problems involved in designing and building a micro-scale robot that can be introduced into the body to perform various medical activities. The preliminary design is intended for the following specific applications:
Tumors. We must be able to treat tumors; that is to say, cells grouped in a clumped mass. The specified goal is to be able to destroy tumorous tissue in such a way as to minimize the risk of causing or allowing a recurrence of the growth in the body.
Arteriosclerosis. This is caused by fatty deposits on the walls of arteries. The device should be able to remove these deposits from the artery walls. This will allow for both improving the flexibility of the walls of the arteries and improving the blood flow through them
Blood clots. The cause damage when they travel to the bloodstream to a point where they can block the flow of blood to a vital area of the body. This can result in damage to vital organs in very short order. By using a microrobot in the body to break up such clots into smaller pieces.
Design Software
The simple molecular machines simulated so far can be easily designed and modeled using ad hoc software and molecule development. However, to design complex systems such as the molecular assembler/replicators, more sophisticated software architecture will be needed. The current NanoDesign software architecture is a set of c++ classes with a tcl front end for interactive molecular gear design. Simulation is via a parallelized FORTRAN program which reads files produced by the design system. We envision a future architecture centered around an object oriented database of molecular machine components and systems with distributed access via CORBA from a user interface based on a WWW universal client.
Conclusions
The software required to design and model complex molecular machines is either already available, or can be readily developed over the next few years. The NanoDesign software is intended to design and test fullerene based hypothetical molecular machines and components. The system is in an early stage of development. Presently, tcl provides an interpreted interface, c++ objects represent design components, and a parallelized FORTRAN program
simulates the machine. In the future, an architecture based on distributed objects is envisioned. A standard set of interfaces would allow vendors to supply small, high quality components to a distributed system