11-09-2017, 12:53 PM
Perpetual motion is the movement of bodies that continues indefinitely. A perpetual motion machine is a hypothetical machine that can work indefinitely without a power source. This type of machine is impossible, since it would violate the first or second law of thermodynamics.
These laws of thermodynamics apply even at large scales. For example, movements and rotations of celestial bodies such as planets may seem perpetual, but in reality they are subject to many processes that slowly dissipate their kinetic energy, such as the solar wind, the interstellar medium resistance, gravitational radiation and thermal radiation, so do not keep moving forever
Therefore, machines that extract energy from finite sources will not function indefinitely, because they are driven by the energy stored in the source, which will eventually be exhausted. A common example are devices powered by ocean currents, whose energy is ultimately derived from the Sun, which in turn will burn. Machines powered by darker sources have been proposed, but are subject to the same inescapable laws, and will eventually decrease.
The laws of thermodynamics apply to closed linear systems. In 2017 new states of matter, the crystals of time, were discovered, which can allow perpetual motion by ignoring the laws of thermodynamics.
The history of perpetual motion machines dates back to the Middle Ages. For millennia, it was not clear whether perpetual motions were possible or not, but the development of modern theories of thermodynamics has proved impossible. Despite this, many attempts have been made to build such machines, continuing to modern times. Modern designers and proponents often use other terms, such as "about unity", to describe their inventions.
These laws of thermodynamics apply even at large scales. For example, movements and rotations of celestial bodies such as planets may seem perpetual, but in reality they are subject to many processes that slowly dissipate their kinetic energy, such as the solar wind, the interstellar medium resistance, gravitational radiation and thermal radiation, so do not keep moving forever
Therefore, machines that extract energy from finite sources will not function indefinitely, because they are driven by the energy stored in the source, which will eventually be exhausted. A common example are devices powered by ocean currents, whose energy is ultimately derived from the Sun, which in turn will burn. Machines powered by darker sources have been proposed, but are subject to the same inescapable laws, and will eventually decrease.
The laws of thermodynamics apply to closed linear systems. In 2017 new states of matter, the crystals of time, were discovered, which can allow perpetual motion by ignoring the laws of thermodynamics.
The history of perpetual motion machines dates back to the Middle Ages. For millennia, it was not clear whether perpetual motions were possible or not, but the development of modern theories of thermodynamics has proved impossible. Despite this, many attempts have been made to build such machines, continuing to modern times. Modern designers and proponents often use other terms, such as "about unity", to describe their inventions.