03-01-2011, 11:21 AM
DNA chips.pptx (Size: 959.89 KB / Downloads: 105)
BY:
Mohit.J. Chaudari
What is DNA chip?
Micro-Array containing all the genes (roughly 40,000) in the entire Human Genome (complete Genetic Code).
Each known gene or “probe” occupies a particular “spot” on the chip, and varying levels of fluorescent activity show varying levels of gene activity in introduced genetic material.
By introducing these samples or “targets” we can determine which genes are most active for traits, immunities, or any hereditary condition including disease.
History
Genetics started in 1866 when a monk named Gregor Mendel discovered biological elements called genes that were responsible the possession and hereditary transfer of a single characteristic.
Genes were linked to DNA, but it took James Watson and Francis Crick deduced the double helix structure of DNA in 1953.
Most recently, the joint venture of the Human Genome Project and a company called Celera published the first draft of the human genome in February 2001.
The Power of Micro-Arrays
Micro-Arrays quickly show the relationships between specific genes and specific traits, diseases and the like.
Thus, we efficiently gain valuable insight into how our genetics specifically affect us.
Background on DNA
To truly understand Deoxy-RiboNucleic Acid(DNA) chips, we must first understand the elegance and complexity of DNA and genetics.