01-01-2013, 03:03 PM
IPv6 The Next Generation Protocol Report
IPv6 The Next Generation.docx (Size: 1.3 MB / Downloads: 33)
Abstract
In this paper we are going to represent IPv6. IPv6 means “Internet protocol version 6”.
In this IPv6 it is the new generation protocol by reducing the IPv4 .
IPv6 stands for Internet Protocol version 6. This technology is designed to replace the existing IPv4 with improved address space, service, and data. Internet Protocol version 6 is meant to allow anyone who wants to use the Internet the capability to do.
IPv6 is technology with a main focus on changing the structure of current IP addresses, which will allow for virtually unlimited IP addresses. The current version, IPv4 is a growing concern with the limited IP addresses, making it a fear that they will run out in the future. IPv6 will also have a goal to make the Internet a more secure place for browsers, and with the rapid number of identity theft victims, this is a key feature.
IPv4 offers less than one IP address per person living on this planet and therefore we need a new version with a larger address space. With the new types of services that we will have in the future we will not only need IP addresses for personal computers and servers, but for all sorts of devices, like mobile phones, TV-sets, home games and many more. The answer to that challenge is IPv6. In the IPv6 it will do the multicasting which is never in IPv4.
Introduction
What is IP?
The Internet Protocol (IP) is a protocol used for communicating data across a packet-switched inter network using the Internet Protocol Suite, also referred to as TCP/IP.
IP is the primary protocol in the Internet Layer of the Internet Protocol Suite and has the task of delivering distinguished protocol datagrams (packets) from the source host to the destination host based on their addresses. For this purpose the Internet Protocol defines addressing methods and structures for datagram encapsulation. The first major version of addressing structure, now referred to as Internet Protocol Version 4 (Ipv4) is still the dominant protocol of the Internet, although the successor, Internet Protocol Version 6 (Ipv6) is being deployed actively worldwide.
Introduction to IPv6
The current version of the Internet Protocol (known as IP version 4 or IPv4) has not been substantially changed since RFC 791 was published in 1981. IPv4 has proven to be robust, easily implemented and interoperable, and has stood the test of scaling an inter network to a global utility the size of today's Internet.
IPv6 stands for Internet Protocol version 6. This technology is designed to replace the existing IPv4 with improved address space, service, and data. Internet Protocol version 6 is meant to allow anyone who wants to use the Internet the capability.the initial design did not anticipate: The recent exponential growth of the Internet and the impending exhaustion of the IPv4 address space. IPv4 addresses have become relatively scarce, forcing some organizations to use a network address translator (NAT) to map multiple private addresses to a single public IP address. While NATs promote reuse of the private address space, they do not support standards-based network layer security or the correct mapping of all higher layer protocols and can create problems when connecting two organizations that use the private address space. Additionally, the rising prominence of Internet-connected devices and appliances assures that the public IPv4 address space will eventually be depleted.
History
Background
The current version of the Internet Protocol IPv4 was first developed in the 1970s, and the main protocol standard RFC 791 that governs IPv4 functionality was published in 1981. With the unprecedented expansion of Internet usage in recent years - especially by population dense countries like India and China.
The impending shortage of address space (availability) was recognized by 1992 as a serious limiting factor to the continued usage of the Internet run on Ipv4
The following table shows a statistic showing how quickly the address space has been getting consumed over the years after 1981, when IPv4 protocol was published With admirable foresight, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) initiated as early as in 1994, the design and development of a suite of protocols and standards now known as Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6),there is an explosion of sorts in the number and range of IP capable devices that are being released in the market and the usage of these by an increasingly tech global population.
. IPv6 feature
New header format designed to keep header overhead to a minimum - achieved by moving both non-essential fields and optional fields to extension headers that are placed after the IPv6 header. The streamlined IPv6 header is more efficiently processed at intermediate routers.
a) Large address space - IPv6 has 128-bit (16-byte) source and destination IP addresses. The large address space of IPv6 has been designed to allow for multiple levels of subnetting and address allocation from the Internet backbone to the individual subnets within an organization. Obviates the need for address-conservation techniques such as the deployment of NATs.
b) New protocol for neighboring node interaction- The Neighbor Discovery protocol for IPv6 replaces the broadcast-based Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), ICMPv4 Router Discovery, and ICMPv4
c) Redirect messages with efficient multicast and unicast Neighbor Discovery messages.
d) IPv6 thus holds out the promise of achieving end-to-end security, mobile communications, quality of service (QoS), and simplified system management.
Why ipv6 is needed?
It is expected that some time in the years of 2006/2007 we will definitely run out of IPv4 address space. In Asia the available IPv4 address space is already exhausted. This is why many Asian have already begun to roll out IPv6 commercially. IPv4 offers less than one IP address per person living on this planet and therefore we need a new version with a larger address space. With the new types of services that we will have in the future we will not only need IP addresses for personal computers and servers, but for all sorts of devices, like mobile phones, TV-sets, home games and many more. The answer to that challenge is IPv6. IPv6 offers a new, clean, well designed protocol stack which implements all the features of security (IPsec), Quality of service and configuration (auto-configuration). All applications that are known on IPv4 can be ported to IPv6, with additional features if required. IPv6 is also designed taking into account the mobile networks, which are expected to be ubiquitous networks of the future providing always on-line, anytime and anywhere. IPv6 is considered to be the backbone of the future information society.
BIGGER ADDRESS SPACE
The bigger address space IPv6 offers is the most obvious enhancement it has over IPv4. While today’s Internet architecture is based on 32-bit wide addresses, the new version has 128-bit technology available for addressing. Thanks to the enlarged address space, workarounds like NAT don’t have to be used anymore. This allows full, unconstrained IP connectivity for today’s IP-based machines as well as upcoming mobile devices like PDAs and cell phones—all will benefit from full IP access through GPRS .
Mobility
When mentioning mobile devices and IP, it’s important to note that a special protocol is needed to support mobility, and implementing this protocol—called “Mobile IP”—is one of the requirements for every IPv6 stack. Thus, if you have IPv6 going, you have support for roaming between different networks, with global notification when you leave one network and enter the other one. Support for roaming is possible with IPv4 too, but there are a number of hoops that need to be jumped in order to get things working. With IPv6, there’s no need for this, as support for mobility was one of the design requirements for IPv6. See [RFC3024] for some more information on the issues that need to be addressed with Mobile IP on IPv4.
Ipv6 addressing
The IPv6 Address Space
The most obvious distinguishing feature of IPv6 is its use of much larger addresses. The size of an address in IPv6 is 128 bits, which is four times the larger than an IPv4 address. A 32-bit address space allows for 232 or 4,294,967,296 possible addresses.
A 128 bit address spacefor212or340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,
768,211,456 (or 3.4^1038 or 340 undecillion) possible addresses.
With IPv6, it is even harder to conceive that the IPv6 address space will be consumed. To help put this number in perspective, a 128-bit address space provides 655,570,793,348,866,943,898,599 (6.5^1023) addresses for every square meter of the Earth’s surface.
It is important to remember that the decision to make the IPv6 address 128 bits in length was not so that every square meter of the Earth could have 6.5^1023 addresses. Rather, the relatively large size of the IPv6 address is designed to be subdivided into hierarchical routing domains that reflect the topology of the modern-day Internet. The use of 128 bits allows for multiple levels of hierarchy and flexibility in designing hierarchical addressing and routing that is currently lacking on the IPv4-based Internet.
IPv6 The Next Generation.docx (Size: 1.3 MB / Downloads: 33)
Abstract
In this paper we are going to represent IPv6. IPv6 means “Internet protocol version 6”.
In this IPv6 it is the new generation protocol by reducing the IPv4 .
IPv6 stands for Internet Protocol version 6. This technology is designed to replace the existing IPv4 with improved address space, service, and data. Internet Protocol version 6 is meant to allow anyone who wants to use the Internet the capability to do.
IPv6 is technology with a main focus on changing the structure of current IP addresses, which will allow for virtually unlimited IP addresses. The current version, IPv4 is a growing concern with the limited IP addresses, making it a fear that they will run out in the future. IPv6 will also have a goal to make the Internet a more secure place for browsers, and with the rapid number of identity theft victims, this is a key feature.
IPv4 offers less than one IP address per person living on this planet and therefore we need a new version with a larger address space. With the new types of services that we will have in the future we will not only need IP addresses for personal computers and servers, but for all sorts of devices, like mobile phones, TV-sets, home games and many more. The answer to that challenge is IPv6. In the IPv6 it will do the multicasting which is never in IPv4.
Introduction
What is IP?
The Internet Protocol (IP) is a protocol used for communicating data across a packet-switched inter network using the Internet Protocol Suite, also referred to as TCP/IP.
IP is the primary protocol in the Internet Layer of the Internet Protocol Suite and has the task of delivering distinguished protocol datagrams (packets) from the source host to the destination host based on their addresses. For this purpose the Internet Protocol defines addressing methods and structures for datagram encapsulation. The first major version of addressing structure, now referred to as Internet Protocol Version 4 (Ipv4) is still the dominant protocol of the Internet, although the successor, Internet Protocol Version 6 (Ipv6) is being deployed actively worldwide.
Introduction to IPv6
The current version of the Internet Protocol (known as IP version 4 or IPv4) has not been substantially changed since RFC 791 was published in 1981. IPv4 has proven to be robust, easily implemented and interoperable, and has stood the test of scaling an inter network to a global utility the size of today's Internet.
IPv6 stands for Internet Protocol version 6. This technology is designed to replace the existing IPv4 with improved address space, service, and data. Internet Protocol version 6 is meant to allow anyone who wants to use the Internet the capability.the initial design did not anticipate: The recent exponential growth of the Internet and the impending exhaustion of the IPv4 address space. IPv4 addresses have become relatively scarce, forcing some organizations to use a network address translator (NAT) to map multiple private addresses to a single public IP address. While NATs promote reuse of the private address space, they do not support standards-based network layer security or the correct mapping of all higher layer protocols and can create problems when connecting two organizations that use the private address space. Additionally, the rising prominence of Internet-connected devices and appliances assures that the public IPv4 address space will eventually be depleted.
History
Background
The current version of the Internet Protocol IPv4 was first developed in the 1970s, and the main protocol standard RFC 791 that governs IPv4 functionality was published in 1981. With the unprecedented expansion of Internet usage in recent years - especially by population dense countries like India and China.
The impending shortage of address space (availability) was recognized by 1992 as a serious limiting factor to the continued usage of the Internet run on Ipv4
The following table shows a statistic showing how quickly the address space has been getting consumed over the years after 1981, when IPv4 protocol was published With admirable foresight, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) initiated as early as in 1994, the design and development of a suite of protocols and standards now known as Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6),there is an explosion of sorts in the number and range of IP capable devices that are being released in the market and the usage of these by an increasingly tech global population.
. IPv6 feature
New header format designed to keep header overhead to a minimum - achieved by moving both non-essential fields and optional fields to extension headers that are placed after the IPv6 header. The streamlined IPv6 header is more efficiently processed at intermediate routers.
a) Large address space - IPv6 has 128-bit (16-byte) source and destination IP addresses. The large address space of IPv6 has been designed to allow for multiple levels of subnetting and address allocation from the Internet backbone to the individual subnets within an organization. Obviates the need for address-conservation techniques such as the deployment of NATs.
b) New protocol for neighboring node interaction- The Neighbor Discovery protocol for IPv6 replaces the broadcast-based Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), ICMPv4 Router Discovery, and ICMPv4
c) Redirect messages with efficient multicast and unicast Neighbor Discovery messages.
d) IPv6 thus holds out the promise of achieving end-to-end security, mobile communications, quality of service (QoS), and simplified system management.
Why ipv6 is needed?
It is expected that some time in the years of 2006/2007 we will definitely run out of IPv4 address space. In Asia the available IPv4 address space is already exhausted. This is why many Asian have already begun to roll out IPv6 commercially. IPv4 offers less than one IP address per person living on this planet and therefore we need a new version with a larger address space. With the new types of services that we will have in the future we will not only need IP addresses for personal computers and servers, but for all sorts of devices, like mobile phones, TV-sets, home games and many more. The answer to that challenge is IPv6. IPv6 offers a new, clean, well designed protocol stack which implements all the features of security (IPsec), Quality of service and configuration (auto-configuration). All applications that are known on IPv4 can be ported to IPv6, with additional features if required. IPv6 is also designed taking into account the mobile networks, which are expected to be ubiquitous networks of the future providing always on-line, anytime and anywhere. IPv6 is considered to be the backbone of the future information society.
BIGGER ADDRESS SPACE
The bigger address space IPv6 offers is the most obvious enhancement it has over IPv4. While today’s Internet architecture is based on 32-bit wide addresses, the new version has 128-bit technology available for addressing. Thanks to the enlarged address space, workarounds like NAT don’t have to be used anymore. This allows full, unconstrained IP connectivity for today’s IP-based machines as well as upcoming mobile devices like PDAs and cell phones—all will benefit from full IP access through GPRS .
Mobility
When mentioning mobile devices and IP, it’s important to note that a special protocol is needed to support mobility, and implementing this protocol—called “Mobile IP”—is one of the requirements for every IPv6 stack. Thus, if you have IPv6 going, you have support for roaming between different networks, with global notification when you leave one network and enter the other one. Support for roaming is possible with IPv4 too, but there are a number of hoops that need to be jumped in order to get things working. With IPv6, there’s no need for this, as support for mobility was one of the design requirements for IPv6. See [RFC3024] for some more information on the issues that need to be addressed with Mobile IP on IPv4.
Ipv6 addressing
The IPv6 Address Space
The most obvious distinguishing feature of IPv6 is its use of much larger addresses. The size of an address in IPv6 is 128 bits, which is four times the larger than an IPv4 address. A 32-bit address space allows for 232 or 4,294,967,296 possible addresses.
A 128 bit address spacefor212or340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,
768,211,456 (or 3.4^1038 or 340 undecillion) possible addresses.
With IPv6, it is even harder to conceive that the IPv6 address space will be consumed. To help put this number in perspective, a 128-bit address space provides 655,570,793,348,866,943,898,599 (6.5^1023) addresses for every square meter of the Earth’s surface.
It is important to remember that the decision to make the IPv6 address 128 bits in length was not so that every square meter of the Earth could have 6.5^1023 addresses. Rather, the relatively large size of the IPv6 address is designed to be subdivided into hierarchical routing domains that reflect the topology of the modern-day Internet. The use of 128 bits allows for multiple levels of hierarchy and flexibility in designing hierarchical addressing and routing that is currently lacking on the IPv4-based Internet.