30-01-2013, 12:17 PM
Internet
1Internet.pdf (Size: 185.83 KB / Downloads: 60)
Birth of the Net
The Internet grew out of an experiment
in the 1960s by the U.S. Department of
Defense. The DoD wanted to create a
computer network that would continue to
function in the event of a disaster, such
as a nuclear war. If part of the network
was damaged or destroyed, the rest of
the system still had to work. That
network was ARPANET, (Advanced
Research Projects Agency Network) which
linked U.S. scientific and academic
researchers. It was the forerunner of
today's Internet.
Net Anatomy
The Web physically consists
of your personal computer,
web browser software, a
connection to an Internet
service provider,
computers called servers
that host digital data, and
routers and switches to
direct the flow of
information.
Web Browsers
A web browser is the software
program you use to access the
World Wide Web, the graphical
portion of the Internet. The first
browser, called NCSA Mosaic, was
developed at the National Center
for Supercomputing Applications in
the early 1990s. The easy-to-use
point-and-click interface helped
popularize the Web. Microsoft
Internet Explorer and Netscape
Navigator are the two most
popular ones.
Navigating the Web
The Web is known as a client-server
system. Your computer is the client;
the remote computers that store
electronic files are the servers. To visit
the website, enter the address or URL
of the website in your web browser.
Browser requests the web page from
the web server that hosts the
requested site. The server sends the
data over the Internet to your
computer. Your web browser
interprets the data, displaying it on
your computer screen.
W3C
The World Wide Web was originally developed in 1990 at
CERN, the European Laboratory for Particle Physics. The
original idea came from a young computer scientist, Tim
Berners-Lee. It is now managed by The World Wide Web
Consortium. The WWW Consortium is funded by a
large number of corporate members, including AT&T,
Adobe Systems, Inc., Microsoft Corporation and Sun
Microsystems, Inc. Its purpose is to promote the growth
of the Web by developing technical specifications and
reference software that will be freely available to
everyone.
Domain Names
Every computer that hosts data on the Internet has a
unique numerical address. For example, the numerical
address for the White House is 198.137.240.100. But
since few people want to remember long strings of
numbers, the Domain Name System (DNS) was
invented. DNS, a critical part of the Internet's technical
infrastructure, correlates a numerical address to a word.
To access the White House website, you could type its
number into the address box of your web browser. But
most people prefer to use "www.whitehouse.gov." In
this case, the domain name is whitehouse.gov.
1Internet.pdf (Size: 185.83 KB / Downloads: 60)
Birth of the Net
The Internet grew out of an experiment
in the 1960s by the U.S. Department of
Defense. The DoD wanted to create a
computer network that would continue to
function in the event of a disaster, such
as a nuclear war. If part of the network
was damaged or destroyed, the rest of
the system still had to work. That
network was ARPANET, (Advanced
Research Projects Agency Network) which
linked U.S. scientific and academic
researchers. It was the forerunner of
today's Internet.
Net Anatomy
The Web physically consists
of your personal computer,
web browser software, a
connection to an Internet
service provider,
computers called servers
that host digital data, and
routers and switches to
direct the flow of
information.
Web Browsers
A web browser is the software
program you use to access the
World Wide Web, the graphical
portion of the Internet. The first
browser, called NCSA Mosaic, was
developed at the National Center
for Supercomputing Applications in
the early 1990s. The easy-to-use
point-and-click interface helped
popularize the Web. Microsoft
Internet Explorer and Netscape
Navigator are the two most
popular ones.
Navigating the Web
The Web is known as a client-server
system. Your computer is the client;
the remote computers that store
electronic files are the servers. To visit
the website, enter the address or URL
of the website in your web browser.
Browser requests the web page from
the web server that hosts the
requested site. The server sends the
data over the Internet to your
computer. Your web browser
interprets the data, displaying it on
your computer screen.
W3C
The World Wide Web was originally developed in 1990 at
CERN, the European Laboratory for Particle Physics. The
original idea came from a young computer scientist, Tim
Berners-Lee. It is now managed by The World Wide Web
Consortium. The WWW Consortium is funded by a
large number of corporate members, including AT&T,
Adobe Systems, Inc., Microsoft Corporation and Sun
Microsystems, Inc. Its purpose is to promote the growth
of the Web by developing technical specifications and
reference software that will be freely available to
everyone.
Domain Names
Every computer that hosts data on the Internet has a
unique numerical address. For example, the numerical
address for the White House is 198.137.240.100. But
since few people want to remember long strings of
numbers, the Domain Name System (DNS) was
invented. DNS, a critical part of the Internet's technical
infrastructure, correlates a numerical address to a word.
To access the White House website, you could type its
number into the address box of your web browser. But
most people prefer to use "www.whitehouse.gov." In
this case, the domain name is whitehouse.gov.