13-04-2012, 02:15 PM
artificial muscle
ArtificialMusclePresentation (1).ppt (Size: 920 KB / Downloads: 136)
Natural vs. Artificial Muscle
How can we develop replacements for the natural muscle?
Develop biomimetic actuators.
Emphasis on implantable technologies (not on the the forefront now).
What do we have to work with?
Electrical/pneumatic servos (robotic limbs, late 1940’s-present).
New materials.
Synthetic polymers
Carbon
What constitutes a muscle?
Any system or combination of sub-systems can be considered a “muscle”:
hydraulic/pneumatic cylinder.
electromagnetic servo.
biological muscle tissue.
In short, anything which accomplishes actuation under the command of a stimulus.
Muscles primarily exert energy (ATP) to bring about:
motion, acceleration (v/ t or 2x/ t2).
force application (F=m.a).
Muscles Revisited
Muscle cells are highly specialized for contraction.
ONLY contract and relax
Abduction and adduction
Actin and myosin vary in amounts and configuration, depending on cell function.
Brief Timeline
1619 - Descartes postulated that sensory impulses activated muscle (reflection)
1780 - Galvani noticed frog muscles would contract with electrical apparatus
Artificial Muscle—An Overview
Many types of artificial “muscle”.
McKibbin muscle actuators
Inflatable air tubes, delivering large force at a low frequency.
PAN-chemically stimulated by pH change.
Electrically Stimulated “Tissues”
IPMC
Solenoids (not presented)
Piezo-active polymers and ceramics (not presented)
How it’s made
Composed of a perfluorinated ion exchange membrane
Consist of a polymer matrix that is coated on the outer surface with platinum in most cases (silver and copper have also been used)
coating aids in the distribution of the voltage over surface
Made into sheets that can be cut into different shapes and sizes as needed
Polyacrylonitrile
Must be surrounded by solutions in latex tubes.
Some models have been developed which simulate muscle movement.
University of NM project.
ArtificialMusclePresentation (1).ppt (Size: 920 KB / Downloads: 136)
Natural vs. Artificial Muscle
How can we develop replacements for the natural muscle?
Develop biomimetic actuators.
Emphasis on implantable technologies (not on the the forefront now).
What do we have to work with?
Electrical/pneumatic servos (robotic limbs, late 1940’s-present).
New materials.
Synthetic polymers
Carbon
What constitutes a muscle?
Any system or combination of sub-systems can be considered a “muscle”:
hydraulic/pneumatic cylinder.
electromagnetic servo.
biological muscle tissue.
In short, anything which accomplishes actuation under the command of a stimulus.
Muscles primarily exert energy (ATP) to bring about:
motion, acceleration (v/ t or 2x/ t2).
force application (F=m.a).
Muscles Revisited
Muscle cells are highly specialized for contraction.
ONLY contract and relax
Abduction and adduction
Actin and myosin vary in amounts and configuration, depending on cell function.
Brief Timeline
1619 - Descartes postulated that sensory impulses activated muscle (reflection)
1780 - Galvani noticed frog muscles would contract with electrical apparatus
Artificial Muscle—An Overview
Many types of artificial “muscle”.
McKibbin muscle actuators
Inflatable air tubes, delivering large force at a low frequency.
PAN-chemically stimulated by pH change.
Electrically Stimulated “Tissues”
IPMC
Solenoids (not presented)
Piezo-active polymers and ceramics (not presented)
How it’s made
Composed of a perfluorinated ion exchange membrane
Consist of a polymer matrix that is coated on the outer surface with platinum in most cases (silver and copper have also been used)
coating aids in the distribution of the voltage over surface
Made into sheets that can be cut into different shapes and sizes as needed
Polyacrylonitrile
Must be surrounded by solutions in latex tubes.
Some models have been developed which simulate muscle movement.
University of NM project.