04-08-2012, 11:09 AM
PRESENTATION ON NANOTECHNOLOGY
2NANOTECHNOLOGY.pdf (Size: 154.22 KB / Downloads: 320)
INTRODUCTION
“Imagine a world in which microscopic procreating
robots are sent into the human body with the mission of
detecting cancer cells, disassembling them and sending them
out into the bloodstream as a waste products. Since fiction or
reality?
In 1959, Richard Fenyman made a statement “ there
is a plenty of room at the bottom”. He bought forth-new
concept based on study devoted to manipulating smaller and
smaller units of matter.
Until 1974, the materials were generally investigated
at micrometer level, which was known as micro technology.
In 1974 the term nano technology was coined by norio
Taniguchi at the university of Tokyo.
In 1986, MIT researcher Eric Drexler wrote his much
published book “Engine of Creation” which took nano
technology to the stage of general investigations of multiple
interests.
NANOTECHNOLOGY
The Term
The term nano is derived from Greek word, which means
dwarf. Nano means billionth part. A nano meter is one
billionth of a meter. An atom is approximately one third of
nano meter.
Definitions
We find various definitions for nano technology.
One definition is as follows. “ Nano technology is a branch of
engineering that deals with design and manufacture of
extremely small electronics circuits and mechanical devices
built at molecular level of matter”. The institute of nano
technology in the UK expressed it as “ Science and
Technology where dimesions and tolerance in the range of
0.1 nano meter to 100nm play a critical role”.
Smart materials
A smart material is one which is capable of detecting a
change in its environment and reacts appropriately so as to
produce desired results . The reaction may be in terms of
change of shape or significant change in its physical property.
Smart materials are;
1.piezoelectric materials
2.magnetostrictive materials
3.Electrorheological fluids and magnetorheological fluids
4.shape memory alloys
MEMS (MICROELECTOMECHANICAL SYSTEMS)
MEMS are the acronym for microelectromecanical systems.
This is actually a result of ever-continuing pursuit of human
kind for miniaturization.
“MEMS is a process technology to produce tiny integrated
device or system which incorporate mechanical elements
such as valves, gears, sensors, acutators along with on-chip
microcircuits to fabricate high performing, low-cost, compact
engineering systems”
Tools used in Nanotechnology
To manipulate at the atomic level first thing we require is
the tool to see and locate the atom.
To do so we have various microscopes like Scanning
Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope
(TEM), Atomic Force microscope (AFM). Scanning Tunneling
Microscope (STM).
The next tool is NANOMANIPULATOR, which eventually
helps us feel the individual atoms in the real environment.
The third tool is NANOTWEEZERS, The Tweezer structure
can be closed with an applied electrical field like a pair of
chopsticks to produce a device that grasps and moves
molecules or atoms.
2NANOTECHNOLOGY.pdf (Size: 154.22 KB / Downloads: 320)
INTRODUCTION
“Imagine a world in which microscopic procreating
robots are sent into the human body with the mission of
detecting cancer cells, disassembling them and sending them
out into the bloodstream as a waste products. Since fiction or
reality?
In 1959, Richard Fenyman made a statement “ there
is a plenty of room at the bottom”. He bought forth-new
concept based on study devoted to manipulating smaller and
smaller units of matter.
Until 1974, the materials were generally investigated
at micrometer level, which was known as micro technology.
In 1974 the term nano technology was coined by norio
Taniguchi at the university of Tokyo.
In 1986, MIT researcher Eric Drexler wrote his much
published book “Engine of Creation” which took nano
technology to the stage of general investigations of multiple
interests.
NANOTECHNOLOGY
The Term
The term nano is derived from Greek word, which means
dwarf. Nano means billionth part. A nano meter is one
billionth of a meter. An atom is approximately one third of
nano meter.
Definitions
We find various definitions for nano technology.
One definition is as follows. “ Nano technology is a branch of
engineering that deals with design and manufacture of
extremely small electronics circuits and mechanical devices
built at molecular level of matter”. The institute of nano
technology in the UK expressed it as “ Science and
Technology where dimesions and tolerance in the range of
0.1 nano meter to 100nm play a critical role”.
Smart materials
A smart material is one which is capable of detecting a
change in its environment and reacts appropriately so as to
produce desired results . The reaction may be in terms of
change of shape or significant change in its physical property.
Smart materials are;
1.piezoelectric materials
2.magnetostrictive materials
3.Electrorheological fluids and magnetorheological fluids
4.shape memory alloys
MEMS (MICROELECTOMECHANICAL SYSTEMS)
MEMS are the acronym for microelectromecanical systems.
This is actually a result of ever-continuing pursuit of human
kind for miniaturization.
“MEMS is a process technology to produce tiny integrated
device or system which incorporate mechanical elements
such as valves, gears, sensors, acutators along with on-chip
microcircuits to fabricate high performing, low-cost, compact
engineering systems”
Tools used in Nanotechnology
To manipulate at the atomic level first thing we require is
the tool to see and locate the atom.
To do so we have various microscopes like Scanning
Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope
(TEM), Atomic Force microscope (AFM). Scanning Tunneling
Microscope (STM).
The next tool is NANOMANIPULATOR, which eventually
helps us feel the individual atoms in the real environment.
The third tool is NANOTWEEZERS, The Tweezer structure
can be closed with an applied electrical field like a pair of
chopsticks to produce a device that grasps and moves
molecules or atoms.