20-08-2012, 01:48 PM
Robotics
1Robotics.docx (Size: 23.29 KB / Downloads: 30)
Introduction :
Robotics, computer controlled machine that is programmed to move, manipulate objects and accomplish work while interacting with its environment. Robots are able to perform repetitive tasks more quickly, cheaply and accurately then humans. The term robot originates from the Czech word Robota, meaning “compulsory labor”. It was first used in 1921 play R.U.R (Rosssum Universal Robots) by Czech novelist and playwright Karol Capek. The word robot has been used since to refer a machine that performs work to assist people or that work human find difficult or undesirable.
History
In the early 1800’s mechanical puppets were first built in Europe just for entertainment value. And these were called robots since there parts were driven by linkage and cams and controlled by rotating drum selectors. In 1801 Joseph Maria Jacquard made the next great change and invented the automatic draw loom. The draw loom would punch cards and was used to control the lifting of thread in fabric factories. This was the first to be able to store a program and control a machine. After that there were many small changes in robotics but we were slowly moving forward.
The first industrial robots were animates developed by George Devol in the late 50’s and early 60’s. Joe Engelberger is known as “the father of robotics”. For a while the economic viability of these robots proved disastrous and thing slowed down for robotics. But the industry recovered and by the mid 80’s robotics was back on track.
Impact Of Robots
Robotics produces higher quality and lower cost to the manufacturing industry. But this can cause loss to the unskilled jobs but create new jobs for skilled labor. These machines will have to be maintained and people will have to be trained on there repair. So you could loss unskilled jobs and maybe train these same people in skilled and the overall loss may not be that bad.
Future Technologies
Perhaps the most dramatic changes in future robots will arise from their increasing ability to reason. The field of artificial intelligence is moving rapidly from university laboratories to practical application in industry, and machines are being developed that can perform cognitive tasks, such as strategic planning and learning from experience. Increasingly, diagnosis of failures in aircraft or satellites, the management of a battlefield, or the control of a large factory will be performed by intelligent computers.
Advantages of Robots
• Quality :
Robots have the capacity to dramatically improve product quality. Applications are performed with the precision and high repeatability every time. This level of consistency can be hard to achieve any other way.
• Production :
With robots, throughout speeds increase, this directly impacts production. Because robots have the ability to work at a constant speed without pausing for breaks, sleep, vacations, they have the potential to produce more than a human worker.
• Safety :
Robots increase workplace safety. Workers are moved to supervisory roles, so they no longer have to perform dangerous applications.
• Savings :
Greater worker safety leads to financial savings. There are fewer healthcare and insurance concerns for employers. Robots also offer untiring performance which saves valuable time.
Disadvantages of Robots
• Expense :
The initial investment of robots is significant, especially when business owners are limiting their purchases to new robotic equipment.
•ROI :
Incorporating industrial robots does not guarantee results. Without planning, companies can have difficulties.
•Expertise :
Employees will require training in programming and interacting with new robotic equipment. This takes time and financial output.
Overview of 8051 family of Microcontrollers(89V51RD2)
The Philips 80C51/87C51/80C52/87C52 is a high performance static 80C51 design fabricated with Philips high density CMOS technology with operation from 2.7V to 5.5V. the 8xC51 and 8xC52 contain a 128 x 8 RAM and 256 x 8 RAM respectively, 32 I/O Lines, three 16-bit counters/timers, a six source, four priority level nested interrupt structure, a serial I/O port either multi-processor communications, I/O expansion or full duplex UART, and on – chip oscillator and clock circuits.
Selection of Microcontroller for our project
Microcontroller selected for our embedded hardware is 89V51RD2 from NXP (Philips cooperation). It is an enhanced version of 8051 with flash ROM. This is ideal for fast development since flash memory can be erased in few seconds and can be reprogrammed. It is a popular and in expensive chip used in many small projects. Using 89V51RD2 to develop a micro based system requires an ROM burner that supports flash memory. This ROM burner also supports erasing of flash memory hence a separate ROM eraser is not needed with this version. This version of Microcontroller can also be programmed via the serial Com port of a PC using a trainer kit.
1Robotics.docx (Size: 23.29 KB / Downloads: 30)
Introduction :
Robotics, computer controlled machine that is programmed to move, manipulate objects and accomplish work while interacting with its environment. Robots are able to perform repetitive tasks more quickly, cheaply and accurately then humans. The term robot originates from the Czech word Robota, meaning “compulsory labor”. It was first used in 1921 play R.U.R (Rosssum Universal Robots) by Czech novelist and playwright Karol Capek. The word robot has been used since to refer a machine that performs work to assist people or that work human find difficult or undesirable.
History
In the early 1800’s mechanical puppets were first built in Europe just for entertainment value. And these were called robots since there parts were driven by linkage and cams and controlled by rotating drum selectors. In 1801 Joseph Maria Jacquard made the next great change and invented the automatic draw loom. The draw loom would punch cards and was used to control the lifting of thread in fabric factories. This was the first to be able to store a program and control a machine. After that there were many small changes in robotics but we were slowly moving forward.
The first industrial robots were animates developed by George Devol in the late 50’s and early 60’s. Joe Engelberger is known as “the father of robotics”. For a while the economic viability of these robots proved disastrous and thing slowed down for robotics. But the industry recovered and by the mid 80’s robotics was back on track.
Impact Of Robots
Robotics produces higher quality and lower cost to the manufacturing industry. But this can cause loss to the unskilled jobs but create new jobs for skilled labor. These machines will have to be maintained and people will have to be trained on there repair. So you could loss unskilled jobs and maybe train these same people in skilled and the overall loss may not be that bad.
Future Technologies
Perhaps the most dramatic changes in future robots will arise from their increasing ability to reason. The field of artificial intelligence is moving rapidly from university laboratories to practical application in industry, and machines are being developed that can perform cognitive tasks, such as strategic planning and learning from experience. Increasingly, diagnosis of failures in aircraft or satellites, the management of a battlefield, or the control of a large factory will be performed by intelligent computers.
Advantages of Robots
• Quality :
Robots have the capacity to dramatically improve product quality. Applications are performed with the precision and high repeatability every time. This level of consistency can be hard to achieve any other way.
• Production :
With robots, throughout speeds increase, this directly impacts production. Because robots have the ability to work at a constant speed without pausing for breaks, sleep, vacations, they have the potential to produce more than a human worker.
• Safety :
Robots increase workplace safety. Workers are moved to supervisory roles, so they no longer have to perform dangerous applications.
• Savings :
Greater worker safety leads to financial savings. There are fewer healthcare and insurance concerns for employers. Robots also offer untiring performance which saves valuable time.
Disadvantages of Robots
• Expense :
The initial investment of robots is significant, especially when business owners are limiting their purchases to new robotic equipment.
•ROI :
Incorporating industrial robots does not guarantee results. Without planning, companies can have difficulties.
•Expertise :
Employees will require training in programming and interacting with new robotic equipment. This takes time and financial output.
Overview of 8051 family of Microcontrollers(89V51RD2)
The Philips 80C51/87C51/80C52/87C52 is a high performance static 80C51 design fabricated with Philips high density CMOS technology with operation from 2.7V to 5.5V. the 8xC51 and 8xC52 contain a 128 x 8 RAM and 256 x 8 RAM respectively, 32 I/O Lines, three 16-bit counters/timers, a six source, four priority level nested interrupt structure, a serial I/O port either multi-processor communications, I/O expansion or full duplex UART, and on – chip oscillator and clock circuits.
Selection of Microcontroller for our project
Microcontroller selected for our embedded hardware is 89V51RD2 from NXP (Philips cooperation). It is an enhanced version of 8051 with flash ROM. This is ideal for fast development since flash memory can be erased in few seconds and can be reprogrammed. It is a popular and in expensive chip used in many small projects. Using 89V51RD2 to develop a micro based system requires an ROM burner that supports flash memory. This ROM burner also supports erasing of flash memory hence a separate ROM eraser is not needed with this version. This version of Microcontroller can also be programmed via the serial Com port of a PC using a trainer kit.