09-05-2012, 11:09 AM
Biomass Fuelled Power Plant
biomass.docx (Size: 376.16 KB / Downloads: 821)
. Introduction:-
Biomass is organic matter produced by plants, both terrestrial and aquatic and their derivatives. It includes forest crops and residues, crops grown especially for their energy content on “energy farms “and animal manure. Unlike coal, oil and natural gas, which takes
Millions of years to form, biomass can be considered a renewable energy source because plant life renews and adds to itself every year. It can also be considers a form of solar energy as the latter is used indirectly to grow these plants by photosynthesis.
Biomass:-
What is biomass?
Biomass, as a renewable energy source, is biological material from living, or recently living organisms. As an energy source, biomass can either be used directly, or converted into other energy products such as biofuel.
In the first sense, biomass is plant matter used to generate electricity with steam turbines & gasifiers or produce heat, usually by direct combustion. Examples include forest residues (such as dead trees, branches and tree stumps), yard clippings, wood chips and even municipal solid waste. In the second sense, biomass includes plant or animal matter that can be converted into fibers or other industrial chemicals, including biofuels. Industrial biomass can be grown from numerous types of plants, including miscanthus, switch grass, hemp, corn, poplar, willow, sorghum, sugarcane, and a variety of tree species, ranging from eucalyptus to oil palm (palm oil).
Biomass sources:-
Biomass is carbon, hydrogen and oxygen based. Biomass energy is derived from five distinct energy sources: garbage, wood, waste, landfill gases, and alcohol fuels. Wood energy is derived both from direct use of harvested wood as a fuel and from wood waste streams. The largest source of energy from wood is pulping liquor or “black liquor,” a waste product from processes of the pulp, paper and paperboard industry. Waste energy is the second-largest source of biomass energy. The main contributors of waste energy are municipal solid waste (MSW), manufacturing waste, and landfill gas. Biomass alcohol fuel, or ethanol, is derived primarily from sugarcane and corn. It can be used directly as a fuel or as an additive to gasoline.
Biomass can be converted to other usable forms of energy like methane gas or transportation fuels like ethanol and biodiesel. Rotting garbage, and agricultural and human waste, release methane gas—also called "landfill gas" or "biogas." Crops like corn and sugar cane can be fermented to produce the transportation fuel, ethanol. Biodiesel, another transportation fuel, can be produced from left-over food products like vegetable oils and animal fats. Also, Biomass to liquids (BTLs) and cellulosic ethanol are still under research.
The biomass used for electricity production ranges by region. Forest by-products, such as wood residues, are popular in the United States. Agricultural waste is common in Mauritius (sugar cane residue) and Southeast Asia (rice husks). Animal husbandry residues, such as poultry litter, are popular in the UK.
Pyramid of Biomass:-
"Pyramid of biomass is the graphic representation of biomass present per unit area of different tropic levels, with producers at the base and top carnivores at the tip".
The total amount of living or organic matter in an ecosystem at any time is called 'Biomass'.
In a terrestrial ecosystem, the maximum biomass occurs in producers, and there is progressive decrease in biomass from lower to higher tropic levels. Thus, the pyramid of biomass in a terrestrial ecosystem is upright. In an aquatic habitat the pyramid of biomass is inverted or spindle shaped where the biomass of tropic level depends upon the reproductive potential and longevity of the member.
biomass.docx (Size: 376.16 KB / Downloads: 821)
. Introduction:-
Biomass is organic matter produced by plants, both terrestrial and aquatic and their derivatives. It includes forest crops and residues, crops grown especially for their energy content on “energy farms “and animal manure. Unlike coal, oil and natural gas, which takes
Millions of years to form, biomass can be considered a renewable energy source because plant life renews and adds to itself every year. It can also be considers a form of solar energy as the latter is used indirectly to grow these plants by photosynthesis.
Biomass:-
What is biomass?
Biomass, as a renewable energy source, is biological material from living, or recently living organisms. As an energy source, biomass can either be used directly, or converted into other energy products such as biofuel.
In the first sense, biomass is plant matter used to generate electricity with steam turbines & gasifiers or produce heat, usually by direct combustion. Examples include forest residues (such as dead trees, branches and tree stumps), yard clippings, wood chips and even municipal solid waste. In the second sense, biomass includes plant or animal matter that can be converted into fibers or other industrial chemicals, including biofuels. Industrial biomass can be grown from numerous types of plants, including miscanthus, switch grass, hemp, corn, poplar, willow, sorghum, sugarcane, and a variety of tree species, ranging from eucalyptus to oil palm (palm oil).
Biomass sources:-
Biomass is carbon, hydrogen and oxygen based. Biomass energy is derived from five distinct energy sources: garbage, wood, waste, landfill gases, and alcohol fuels. Wood energy is derived both from direct use of harvested wood as a fuel and from wood waste streams. The largest source of energy from wood is pulping liquor or “black liquor,” a waste product from processes of the pulp, paper and paperboard industry. Waste energy is the second-largest source of biomass energy. The main contributors of waste energy are municipal solid waste (MSW), manufacturing waste, and landfill gas. Biomass alcohol fuel, or ethanol, is derived primarily from sugarcane and corn. It can be used directly as a fuel or as an additive to gasoline.
Biomass can be converted to other usable forms of energy like methane gas or transportation fuels like ethanol and biodiesel. Rotting garbage, and agricultural and human waste, release methane gas—also called "landfill gas" or "biogas." Crops like corn and sugar cane can be fermented to produce the transportation fuel, ethanol. Biodiesel, another transportation fuel, can be produced from left-over food products like vegetable oils and animal fats. Also, Biomass to liquids (BTLs) and cellulosic ethanol are still under research.
The biomass used for electricity production ranges by region. Forest by-products, such as wood residues, are popular in the United States. Agricultural waste is common in Mauritius (sugar cane residue) and Southeast Asia (rice husks). Animal husbandry residues, such as poultry litter, are popular in the UK.
Pyramid of Biomass:-
"Pyramid of biomass is the graphic representation of biomass present per unit area of different tropic levels, with producers at the base and top carnivores at the tip".
The total amount of living or organic matter in an ecosystem at any time is called 'Biomass'.
In a terrestrial ecosystem, the maximum biomass occurs in producers, and there is progressive decrease in biomass from lower to higher tropic levels. Thus, the pyramid of biomass in a terrestrial ecosystem is upright. In an aquatic habitat the pyramid of biomass is inverted or spindle shaped where the biomass of tropic level depends upon the reproductive potential and longevity of the member.