01-09-2014, 09:52 AM
Technology has rapidly grown in past two-three decades. An engineer without practical knowledge and skills cannot survive in this technical area. Theoretical knowledge does matter but it is the practical knowledge that is the difference between the best and the better. Organizations also prefer experienced engineers than fresher ones due to practical knowledge and industrial exposure of the former. So industrial exposure is mandatory for engineers now days. The practical training is highly conductive for solid foundation for: 1) Knowledge and personality. 2) Confidence building 3) Enhancement of creativity.
COMPANY PROFILE:- Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL) provides fixed-line and other basic telecommunications services in Delhi and Mumbai. As of March 31, 2012, the Company„s fixed-line telecommunications networks in Delhi and M umbai had an aggregate of approximately 3.46 million fixed lines in service. As of March 31, 2012, it had approximately 5.59 million subscribers of its cellular services using global system for mobile communications or global system for mobile communications (GSM) technology in Delhi and Mumbai. As of March 31, 2012, it had approximately 0.25 million limited mobile subscribers in Mumbai and Delhi. As of March 31, 2012, it had approximately 1.04 million subscribers for broadband in Mumbai and Delhi and approximately 8.99 million Internet access subscribers. The Company derives its revenue from local, domestic long distance and international calls that originate from its network. Meaning of Name 'M aha' = big or great 'Nagar' = city or town 'M ahanagar' = metropolis or megacity 'Nigam' = venture or enterprise. History MTNL was set up on 1 April 1986 by the Government of India with the aim of upgrading the quality of telecom services, expanding the telecom network, introducing new services and raising revenue for the telecom development needs of India's key metros - Delhi and Mumbai. MTNL's history in Mumbai dates back to 1882 when a company called Bombay Telephone was founded. Products:- 1) Telephone and Mobile MTNL provides fixed line telephones and WLL services. It also provides mobile services on GSM and CDMA platforms. MTNL various service brands are: x Dolphin - a postpaid GSM service which also provides value added services such as 3G, x Trump - a prepaid GSM service, similar to Dolphin, x Garuda - a WLL service which provides an FW tariff, and a Mobile tariff Phone numbers belonging to MTNL start with the prefix 2 in fixed line telephones and WLL. In GSM, mobile numbers start with the prefixes 901x, 9868, 9757, 9869, 9968 and 9969. MTNL's efficiency has drastically improved from the past, when a customers had to wait much longer to be connected. 2) 3G Mobile Service MTNL started 3G services in India under the name of "MTNL 3G Jadoo." Services offered include video calling, mobile TV and mobile broadband with high speed data connectivity up to 3.6 Mbit/s from 11 December 2008. MTNL plans to offer 3G services across India by mid-2009. M TN L also provides 3G data cards for usage in devices other than mobile phones. M TN L will be installing 15 lakh 3G lines in the first phase of its 3G roll-out in Mumbai and Delhi (which currently have 40 lakh existing mobile lines). MTNL announced in Jan, 2012 that they will upgrade its 3G network to more advanced HSPA+ with download speeds up to 28.8M bit/s before the end of 2012. 3) Broadband and FTTH M TN L is the largest ISP in M umbai and Delhi (in terms of market share), and the third largest ISP in India though it has presence just in two circles. MTNL is one of the few ISPs in India that provide truly unlimited broadband plans with ³Fair Usage Policy´ (FUP). M TN L provides TriBand Internet services through dialup and DSL. It provides games on demand, video on demand, and IPTV services in India through TriBand. TriBand is targeted at homes and small businesses. MTNL also provides other services such as VPN, VOIP, and leased lines through BSNL and VSNL. INTRODUCTION:- The first generations of cellular phones were analog, but the current generation is digital, using packet radio. Digital transmission has several advantages over analog for mobile communication. First, voice, data and fax, can be integrated in to a single system. Second, as better speech compression algorithms are discovered, less bandwidth will be needed per channel. Third, error correcting codes can be used to improve transmission quality. Finally, digital signals can be encrypted for security. Although it might have been nice if the whole world had adopted the same digital standard, such is not the case. The US system, IS-54, and the Japanese system, JDC, have been designed to be compatible with each country?s existing analog system, so each MPS channel could be used either for analog or digital communication. In contrast the European digital system, GSM (global system for mobile communication) has been designed from scratch as a fully digital system, without any compromises for the sake of backward compatibility. GSM is currently in use in over 100 countries, inside and outside Europe, and thus serves as an example of digital cellular radio. GSM was originally designed for use in the 900 MHz band. Later, frequencies were allocated at 1800 MHz, and the second system, closely patterned on GSM, was setup there. The later is called DCS 1800, but it is essentially GSM. A GSM system has up to a maximum of 200 full duplex channels per cell. Each cell consists of a downlink frequency (from base station to mobile station) and uplink frequency (from mobile station to base station). Each frequency band is 200 KHz wide. Some of the performance characteristics of GSM are: 1. Mobile, wireless communication which supports both voice and data services. 2. International access resulting in worldwide connectivity. 3. High capacity with better frequency efficiency. 4. High audio quality and reliability for wireless, uninterrupted phone calls at higher speeds (e.g., from cars, trains).