17-05-2013, 12:46 PM
A Project Report on Stress Management among Bank Employees
Management among Bank.pdf (Size: 345.89 KB / Downloads: 78)
Executive Summery
This project gives us a detailed idea of what is stress and also the
definition of stress is been defined. For more detailed study the types of the
stress is also defined. By looking at the starting of the project you will find:
o Introduction to Human resource
o Introduction and Definition of stress
o Stress in biological terms
o What is stress?
o Coping with stress at work place.
o Stress management
o Workplace stress
o Reducing of stress.
INTRODUCTION TO HR
Human Resource Management is an art of managing people at
work in such a manner that they give their best to the organization. In
simple word human resource management refers to the quantitative
aspects of employees working in an organization.
Human Resource Management is also a management function
concerned with hiring, motivating, and maintains people in an organization. It
focuses on people in organization.
Organizations are not mere bricks, mortar, machineries or inventories.
They are people. It is the who staff and manage organizations.
HRM involves the application of management functions and principles.
The functions and principles are applied to acquisitioning, developing, maintain,
and remunerating employees in organizations.
Decisions relating to employees must be integrated. Decision on
different aspect of employees must be consistent with other human resource
decisions.
Decision made must influence the effectiveness of organization.
Effectiveness of an organization must result in betterment of services to
customers in the form of high-quality product supplied at reasonable costs.
CONCEPT OF STRESS
INTRODUCTION TO STRESS
A lot of research has been conducted into stress over the last hundred
years. Some of the theories behind it are now settled and accepted; others are
still being researched and debated. During this time, there seems to have been
something approaching open warfare between competing theories and
definitions: Views have been passionately held and aggressively defended.
What complicates this is that intuitively we all feel that we know what
stress is, as it is something we have all experienced. A definition should therefore
be obvious…except that it is not.
Definition:
Hans Selye was one of the founding fathers of stress research. His
view in 1956 was that “stress is not necessarily something bad – it all depends
on how you take it. The stress of exhilarating, creative successful work is
beneficial, while that of failure, humiliation or infection is detrimental.” Selye
believed that the biochemical effects of stress would be experienced irrespective
of whether the situation was positive or negative.
Since then, a great deal of further research has been conducted, and
ideas have moved on. Stress is now viewed as a "bad thing", with a range of
harmful biochemical and long-term effects. These effects have rarely been
observed in positive situations.
The most commonly accepted definition of stress (mainly attributed to
Richard S Lazarus) is that stress is a condition or feeling experienced when
a person perceives that “demands exceed the personal and social
resources the individual is able to mobilize.” In short, it's what we feel when
we think we've lost control of events.
Compressive stress:
Compressive stress is the stress applied to materials resulting in their
compaction (decrease of volume). When a material is subjected to compressive
stress, then this material is under compression. Usually, compressive stress
applied to bars, columns, etc. leads to shortening.
Loading a structural element or a specimen will increase the compressive stress
until the reach of compressive strength. According to the properties of the
material, failure will occur as yield for materials with ductile behavior (most
metals, some soils and plastics) or as rupture for brittle behavior (geometries,
cast iron, glass, etc).
In long, slender structural elements -- such as columns or truss bars -- an
increase of compressive force F leads to structural failure due to buckling at
lower stress than the compressive strength.
what is Stress?
Stress refers to the strain from the conflict between our external environment and
us, leading to emotional and physical pressure. In our fast paced world, it is
impossible to live without stress, whether you are a student or a working adult.
There is both positive and negative stress, depending on each individual’s unique
perception of the tension between the two forces. Not all stress is bad. For example, positive stress, also known as eustress, can help an individual to
function at optimal effectiveness and efficiency.
Hence, it is evident that some form of positive stress can add more color and
vibrancy to our lives. The presence of a deadline, for example, can push us to
make the most of our time and produce greater efficiency. It is important to keep
this in mind, as stress management refers to using stress to our advantage, and
not on eradicating the presence of stress in our lives.
On the other hand, negative stress can result in mental and physical strain. The
individual will experience symptoms such as tensions, headaches, irritability and
in extreme cases, heart palpitations. Hence, whilst some stress may be seen as
a motivating force, it is important to manage stress levels so that it does not have
an adverse impact on your health and relationships.
Part of managing your stress levels include learning about how stress can affect
you emotionally and physically, as well as how to identify if you are performing at
your optimal stress level (OSL) or if you are experiencing negative stress. This
knowledge will help you to identify when you need to take a break, or perhaps
seek professional help. It is also your first step towards developing techniques to
managing your stress levels.
Good stress v/s Bad stress:
Stress has often been misunderstood to be negative, with few people
acknowledging the importance and usefulness of positive stress. In our everyday
lives, stress is everywhere and definitely unavoidable; hence our emphasis
should be on differentiating between what is good stress, and what is bad. This
will help us to learn to cope with negative stress, and harness the power of
positive stress to help us achieve more.
There are 4 main categories of stress, namely eustress, distress, hyper stress
and hypo stress. Negative stress can cause many physical and psychological
problems, whilst positive stress can be very helpful for us. Here’s how we
differentiate between them.
Eustress:
this is a positive form of stress, which prepares your mind and body for the
imminent challenges that it has perceived. Eustress is a natural physical reaction
by your body which increases blood flow to your muscles, resulting in a higher
heart rate. Athletes before a competition or perhaps a manager before a major
presentation would do well with eustress, allowing them to derive the inspiration
and strength that is needed.
Hyper stress
This is another form of negative stress that occurs when the individual is unable
to cope with the workload. Examples include highly stressful jobs, which require
longer working hours than the individual can handle. If you suspect that you are
suffering from hyper stress, you are likely to have sudden emotional breakdowns
over insignificant issues, the proverbial straws that broke the camel’s back. It is
important for you to recognize that your body needs a break, or you may end up
with severe and chronic physical and psychological reactions.
Hypo stress
Lastly, hypo stress occurs when a person has nothing to do with his time and
feels constantly bored and unmotivated. This is due to an insufficient amount of
stress; hence some stress is inevitable and helpful to us. Companies should
avoid having workers who experience hypo stress as this will cause productivity
and mindfulness to fall. If the job scope is boring and repetitive, it would be a
good idea to implement some form of job rotation so that there is always
something new to learn.
Raising Awareness
Help yourself to identify when you are facing rising levels of stress, tipping the
scales from positive to negative. This is important, as being able to identify signs
of being stressed can help you to take steps to ensure that your overall quality of
life does not drop. If left unacknowledged, the problem will only snowball, leading
to disastrous consequences to your health and overall wellbeing.
You can identify if you are feeling stressed by checking if you have any physical
or psychological reactions, such as excessive sweating or heart palpitations, or
the onset of headaches, irritability or the need to escape. If you experience any
of these reactions, identify if you are feeling any overwhelming negative
emotions, and if you are constantly worried.
Workplace Stress
Workplace stress is the harmful physical and emotional response that occurs
when there is a poor match between job demands and the capabilities,
resources, or needs of the worker. Stress-related disorders encompass a broad
array of conditions, including psychological disorders (e.g., depression, anxiety,
post-traumatic stress disorder) and other types of emotional strain (e.g.,
dissatisfaction, fatigue, tension, etc.), maladaptive behaviors (e.g., aggression,
substance abuse), and cognitive impairment (e.g., concentration and memory
problems). In turn, these conditions may lead to poor work performance or even
injury. Job stress is also associated with various biological reactions that may
lead ultimately to compromised health, such as cardiovascular disease.
Stress is a prevalent and costly problem in today's workplace. About one-third of
workers report high levels of stress. One-quarter of employees view their jobs as
the number one stressor in their lives. Three-quarters of employees believe the
worker has more on-the-job stress than a generation ago. Evidence also
suggests that stress is the major cause of turnover in organizations.