29-08-2014, 11:31 AM
Six Sigma
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Six Sigma at many organizations simply means a measure of quality that strives for near perfection. Six Sigma is a disciplined, Data driven approach and methodology for eliminating defects (driving towards six standard deviations between the mean and the nearest specification limit) in any process -- from manufacturing to transactional and from product to service
Tomkins (1997) defines Six Sigma to be “a program aimed at the near-elimination of defects from every product, process and transaction.”
Harry (1998) defines Six Sigma to be “a strategic initiative to boost profitability, increase market share and improve customer satisfaction through statistical tools that can lead to breakthrough quantum gains in quality.”
The Statistical representation of Six Sigma describes quantitatively how a process is performing. To achieve Six Sigma, a process must not produce more than 3.4 defects per million opportunities
Six Sigma is a business concept that answers customers’ demand for high quality and defect-free business processes.
Six Sigma was born when Motorola published its Six Sigma quality program in 1987.
Six Sigma is a unified approach to process excellence.
Six Sigma has transformed some of the most successful companies in the world (Motorola, Allied Signal, GE).
Six Sigma is a target (Fewer than 3.4 defects or errors per million opportunities – 99.99966 perfection).
Six Sigma is an approach to aiming at that target by changing the culture of a company. It involves everyone in the company.
Core Principles of Six Sigma
Customer satisfaction
Profit improvement
Project-by-Project improvements
Prioritization of improvements
Process-driven approach to managing the business
DMADV / DMAIC
Near Perfection as a goal of performance
Teamwork draws on experience, knowledge and dedication
Recognition - expression of respect for employee contribution
The fundamental objective of the Six Sigma methodology is the implementation of a measurement-based strategy that focuses on process improvement and variation reduction through the application of six sigma improvement projects. This is accomplished through the use of two Six Sigma sub-methodologies: DMAIC and DMADV. The Six Sigma DMAIC process(define, measure, analyze, improve, control) is an improvement system for existing processes falling below specification and looking for incremental improvement. The Six Sigma DMADV process (define, measure, analyze, design, verify) is an improvement system used to develop new processes or products at Six Sigma quality levels. It can also be employed if a current process requires more than just incremental improvement.
DMAICD
efineWhat is important?MeasureHow are we doing?AnalyzeWhat is wrong?ImproveFix what’s wrongControlEnsure gains are maintained to guarantee performance
Measure
Review the current processIdentify key inputs and outputsDevelop baseline metricsPerformance, CostCollect and organize dataEvaluate the performance of the processDefects, Cycle timeAssess the amount of variationIn the process, In the measurement system
Analyze
Determine most likely causes of defects.Understand why defects are generated by identifying key variables that are most likely to create process variation.
Control
This last phase is initiated by ensuring
that the new process conditions are documented and monitored
via statistical process control (SPC) methods.