31-07-2012, 12:26 PM
AUTO METRO TRAIN TO SHUTTLE BETWEEN STATIONS
AUTO METRO TRAIN.docx (Size: 403.98 KB / Downloads: 197)
INTRODUCTION TO AUTO METRO TRAIN:
This project is designed so as to understand the technology used in metro train movement which are used in most of the developed countries like Germany, France, and Japan etc. These train are equipped with the CPU, which control the to and fro movement in a programmed path. In this project microcontroller from 8051 family is been used as CPU. Whenever the train station arrives at the station it stops automatically. Then the train door is automatically opened so that the passengers enter inside and it closes after the prescribed time set in the controller. It is also equipped with a passenger counting section also which counts the number of passengers leaving and entering inside the train. The counts are displayed on a seven segment LED display interfaced with microcontroller. The motion of the train is controlled by the Motor driver IC. Before starting and after stopping train at station the controller blows the buzzer. Also the red and green signals are indicated using LEDs. For power supply it uses a 12V battery which is then regulated to +5V for the operation of MC, ICs and other discrete components.
RELATED WORK:
To complete our project we studied about embedded systems basics and system design cycle to know how to develop the Microcontroller and Microprocessor based projects. Further we analyzed some of latest controllers’ architecture available in the market. Finally we selected PIC 16f877A controller because of its features (it is discussed in hardware requirements). For our successful completion of this project obviously we utilized howstuffworks.com
Embedded Systems:
Embedded System is a combination of hardware and software used to achieve a single specific task. An embedded system is a microcontroller-based, software driven, reliable, real-time control system, autonomous, or human or network interactive, operating on diverse physical variables and in diverse environments and sold into a competitive and cost conscious market.
An embedded system is not a computer system that is used primarily for processing, not a software system on PC or UNIX, not a traditional business or scientific application. High-end embedded & lower end embedded systems. High-end embedded system - Generally 32, 64 Bit Controllers used with OS. Examples Personal Digital Assistant and Mobile phones etc .Lower end embedded systems - Generally 8,16 Bit Controllers used with an minimal operating systems and hardware layout designed for the specific purpose. Examples Small controllers and devices in our everyday life like Washing Machine, Microwave Ovens, where they are embedded in.
MPLAB FEATURES:
MPLAB Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is a free, integrated toolset for the development of embedded applications employing Microchip's PIC® and dsPIC® microcontrollers.
MPLAB Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is a free, integrated toolset for the development of embedded applications employing Microchip's PIC® and dsPIC® microcontrollers.
MPLAB IDE runs as a 32-bit application on MS Windows®, is easy to use and includes a host of free software components for fast application development and super-charged debugging.
MPLAB IDE also serves as a single, unified graphical user interface for additional Microchip and third party software and hardware development tools. Moving between tools is a snap, and upgrading from the free software simulator to hardware debug and programming tools is done in a flash because MPLAB IDE has the same user interface for all tools.
MICROCONTROLLER:
A computer-on-a-chip is a variation of a microprocessor which combines the processor core (CPU), some memory, and I/O (input/output) lines, all on one chip. The computer-on-a-chip is called the microcomputer whose proper meaning is a computer using a (number of) microprocessor(s) as its CPUs, while the concept of the microcomputer is known to be a microcontroller. A microcontroller can be viewed as a set of digital logic circuits integrated on a single silicon chip. This chip is used for only specific applications.
Most microcontrollers do not require a substantial amount of time to learn how to efficiently program them, although many of them, which have quirks, which you will have to understand before you, attempt to develop your first application.
Along with microcontrollers getting faster, smaller and more power efficient they are also getting more and more features. Often, the first version of microcontroller will just have memory and digital I/O, but as the device family matures, more and more pat numbers with varying features will be available.
CONCLUSION
Nowadays the accidents of trains are increasing day by day. Of these major accidents are occurring due to human faults. A man can do a mistake but a programmed processor doesn’t have a chance of doing error. This is the main reason behind this project. This is a highly advanced technology which is currently used in developed nations such as Japan, Germany, France etc. By using this auto metro train the timings of the train will be exact and it avoids a lot of inconvenience to the passengers. This project will greatly reduce the human intervention in the control of trains and hence saves a lot of time and money. Thus the project “AUTO METRO TRAIN TO SHUTTLE BETWEEN STATIONS” is greatly useful in all aspects.