28-08-2014, 11:30 AM
AUTOMATIC LOADING AND DATA UPDATING SYSTEM
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ABSTRACT
Robotic arm has been widely used in manufacturing industry as part of automation system.
Typical applications of robots in industry include welding, painting, assembly pick and place, packaging and palletizing, product inspection, and testing. Automatic loading and data updating system has the same mechanism as the robots in industry although it includes recording of data after it loads. Automatic loading and data updating system is fully controlled by a computer, where the user has to control the movement of the system using the serial servo controller software. The serial servo controller circuit is serially connected to the pc, thus provide communication between the pc and the circuit. The signal from the computer will be received by the PIC at the circuit. The justified signal will then be use to execute the output to the servo motor, thus provide the necessary movement of the system at the same time the system has sensor which senses the weight it is carrying then transmits the data to the recording system where it is recorded. This project is to fabricate the loading system that can be directly controlled by computer. The special attributes of the project is the loading system is pc based which has the ability to update system data. It means that
The system is fully controlled by the computer, makes it different than typical automatic
and manual control loading system. The project is very useful in gaining new experience and knowledge on robot fabrication and programming
1 Introduction
A robot is a reprogrammable, multi-functional, manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools, or specialized devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of task. - Robot Institute of America. The word robot has many different definitions, if it is refer to dictionaries and many encyclopedias. According to Robot Institute of America: A robot is a re-programmable multifunctional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools, or specialized devices through variable programmed motions for performance of a variety of tasks. In a robot system, the number of independent Joint variables can be used to determine the number of degrees of freedom .The term degrees of freedom is the set of independent displacements that specify completely the displaced or deformed position of the body or system. In the simplest way, it describes the number of ways a robot can move. In general, there are four different geometric configurations of robots. They are Cartesian Robots, Cylindrical Robots, Spherical Robots, and Articulated Robots. The base rotations simulate the twisting of a human torso. The shoulder and elbow pivots on axis each. A robot can be actuated by three kind of means, which are hydraulic actuating system, electrical actuating system, and pneumatic actuating system
A robot manipulator can be divided into three sections, which are the arm, that consisting of one or more segments and joints; the wrist, that usually consisting of one to three segments and joints, and a gripper or other means of attaching and grasping.
A particle that moves in three dimensional spaces has three translational displacements Components as DOFs, while a rigid body would have at most four DOFs including one rotation. Translation is the ability to move without rotating, while rotation is angular motion about some axis.
3 Scope
In this project, the scope is to build a loading system that are capable of picking and replacing and object while recording its weight direct to systems. Although the task is looked like simple, it’s actually consumed a hard work and time in applying the knowledge in electrical, mechanical and computer programming. The physical of the system is manually constructed using the skills gained in workshop technology Subject. The mechanical job involved in this project including fabricating the aluminum body of the system using metal bending machines, drilling holes using the drilling machine, cutting the material using horizontal band saw machine and other machine that are appropriate to be used in this project. Knowledge in electrical and electronic is also compulsory to build this loading system, because the most critical part in this project is to build the serial servo controller which cost a lot of knowledge and deep understanding in electrical and electronic field. Instead, the PIC to be used in this project is also need to be programmed and build. The software to control the loading system is also an essential part in this project. The software will be build by using the Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0. The position and sequence of the servo motor will be controlled using the software
1 General Operation of the Machine
The loading and data updating system automatically is controlled by a computer or a pc. The user will operate the system by deciding the parameter needed, at the built serial servo controller interface. The interface is designed and built using the Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0.The parameters to be computed is the angle of rotation of the servo motor. The servo motor provides the movement of the system. The serial servo controller needs to control 3 servo motors that will be needed to move this 3-axis system. The major task to be completed by this system is to do the pick and place a material and record their weight. The task is similar to robotic arm for part transfer that is available at the industry.
3 CONCLUSION
At the end of this chapter, deep comprehension about the robotic through the past researches should be achieved. Lesson from previous research should be taken as a step stone, to build a successful and functioning robotic arm system. Even the approach stressed on the research was not best comprehended; the information obtained should be kept as a treasure that will be used in future for specific purposes