29-06-2012, 01:08 PM
Alternative Low-Emission Fuels for Internal Combustion Engines
Alternative Low-Emission .ppt (Size: 355.5 KB / Downloads: 44)
Motivation for the search for Alternate fuels
Complete exhaustion of the supplies of non-renewable fossil fuels – awareness of the finite nature of resource of crude oil and other fossil fuels. Projections based on present consumption of oil indicates that 80% of this energy resource will be used up world wide by the beginning of the 21st Century. Thus there is the imminent danger of complete exhaustion of these non-renewable fossil fuels, which are the end result of a process that has been taking place under the earth’s surface for several hundred millions years.
The world demand for energy has been registering a two fold increase every decade. The Industrialized society use large quantities of energy in the form of fossil fuels – coal, oil, natural gas and electricity. The energy consumption per person is about a hundred times the energy contained in food.
Environmental degradation- Deterioration of air, water and land – It has been estimated that 60% of all major air pollutants come from IC Engines- to develop clean burning fuels
Steps to Reduce Vehicular Pollution
Innovative Pollution Control Technology
Effective Inspection and Maintenance
Utilization of Clean-burning Alternative Fuels –
Is not a radically new concept
ETHANOL
In 1880 Henry Ford designed a car solely on ethanol
Subsequently popular model “t” operated on ethanol and or gasoline
Clean air act amendment of 1990 mandated sale of oxygenated fuels in areas with unhealthy levels of CO
Present status of Ethanol In India
Ethanol as an oxygenate for Petrol
Petrol-ethanol blend can reduce carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions by up to 35-55 per cent
Ethanol has the potential to reduce volatile organic compound by 27 per cent
5 per cent ethanol-petrol blend –allreday recommended for India.