14-08-2012, 12:55 PM
Automobile Pollution
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INTRODUCTION:
Our mother earth is the most precious gift of the universe. It is the sustenance of “nature” that is a key to the development of the future of mankind. It is the duty and responsibility of each one of us to protect nature.
Pollution due to auto exhaust remains a serious environmental issue in many developed and developing countries including India.
The Air Pollution Control Act in India was passed in 1981 and the Motor Vehicle Act for controlling air pollution was passed very recently. These laws are intended to prevent the air from becoming over-polluted.
What Is Automobile Pollution?
Internal combustion engines need a mixture of air and fuel to burn and produce energy to move the vehicle. It is these burnt gases which come out of the exhaust have the potential to cause pollution. In petrol engines the gases comprise of a mixture of unburnt hydrocarbons (HC), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), etc…
During the morning rush hour, the Miguel Hidalgo area of Mexico City is clogged with traffic and smog.
It is a combination of these gases that which result in automobile pollution when they are in excess quantity. Within a certain range they are acceptable but when the engine is not tuned properly or a vehicle uses obsolete technology or the quality of fuel is not good then all these result in a higher level of emission of all the gases.
If the air fuel mixture ratio is not correct then it increases the chances of pollution as it leads to inefficient. Also it leads to reduced power and fuel wastage, which in turn means less efficient performance of the engine along with lower fuel economy.
Components and their Emission rates
Pollution Control Technology
Vehicles with good emission-control technology that is not properly maintained can become "gross polluters" that are responsible for a significant amount of existing air-quality problems. New technologies have also been developed to identify emission-equipment control failures, and can be used to help reduce the "gross polluter" problem.
Burning Less Fuel
The key to burning less fuel is making cars and trucks more efficient and putting that efficiency to work in improving fuel economy. This has led to an increase in heat-trapping gas emissions from cars and trucks and to an increase in smog-forming and toxic emissions resulting from the production and transportation of gasoline to the fuel pump.
This trend can be reversed through the use of existing technologies that help cars and trucks go farther on a gallon of gasoline. These include more efficient engines and transmissions, improved aerodynamics, better tires, and high strength steel and aluminum. More advanced technologies, such as hybrid-electric vehicles that use a gasoline engine and an electric motor plus a battery, can cut fuel use even further. These technologies carry with them additional costs, but pay for themselves through savings at the gasoline pump.
Zero-Emission Vehicles
As more cars and trucks are sold and total annual mileage increases, improving pollution-control technology and burning less fuel continues to be vital, especially in rapidly growing urban areas. However, eliminating emissions from the tailpipe goes even further to cut down on harmful air pollutants.