21-09-2012, 02:58 PM
Basics of Communication Protocol
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Communication
It is any transmission, emission, or reception of signs, signals,
writings, images and sounds or intelligence of any nature by
wire, radio, optical or other electromagnetic system
Communication model
A communication model comprises of following subsystems:
• Source – Generates the data to be transmitted
• Transmitter – Converts the data into transmittable signals
• Transmission system – Carries the data.
• Receiver – Converts received signals into data.
• Destination – Takes incoming data.
The key communication tasks are:
Transmission system utilization
Interfacing
Signal generation
Synchronization
Exchange management
Error detection and correction
Addressing and routing
Security and network management
Communication Software
It is a set of computer programs which are used for generation,
transmission and reception of information between/among the
set of computers connected by wired or wireless media.
Different Kinds of Programs for Communication are:
Dialing: Dialing software tells the computer, how to place a
call on the phone line connected to it.
File Transfer: Transfer of files, from one to the other
(Downloading / Uploading of files)
Terminal Emulation: Programs running on a network that
connects to a computer bulletin board system
Data Encryption: Program to encode data
Communication Subsystems
• The design and implementation of large scale communication
systems requires the interconnection and integration of
diverse subsystems.
• The main purpose of the communication environment is to
keep all the subsystems informed of any changes in the
design parameters.
1. Change reported from one of the subsystems.
2. Request for data from one subsystem to another
Protocol
• It is a set of rules governing the format and meaning of
frames, packets, or messages that are exchanged by peer
entities within a layer.
• Protocol are used for communications between entities in a
systems.
• Entities use protocols in order to implement their service
definitions.
The key elements of a protocol are:
Syntax : Include Time data formats and signal levels
Semantics: Includes control information and error handling.
Protocol Engineering Process
Need for protocol engineering
• Many protocols if not properly designed and implemented
as per the requirements, leads to improper behavior of
network and system may jam the networks.
• Hence it is required to, engineer the protocols for their
correctness reliability, optimized performance, reusability,
and code optimization
• Deals with application of formal techniques and software
engineering methodologies to protocol design and
implementation