19-09-2014, 04:03 PM
CAR PARKING GUARD CIRCUIT USING INFRARED SENSOR
CAR PARKING.doc (Size: 992 KB / Downloads: 152)
ABSTRACT
Introduction: While parking the car the driver should be more careful because
he cannot see the back of the car while parking or taking reverse, if there is
any obstacle and ran over it might be get damage to the car. Our project will
help the person in the driving seat and give alarm if there is any obstacle or a
wall while parking or while driving in reverse. The IR sensor will detect the
obstacle with in 100cm, if there is any obstacle it will sense and give
information to the tone detector which will enable the LM555 timer to generate
a PWM for the buzzer. The LM555 will generate the pulse which helps to buzz
the buzzer so driver can understand that there is an obstacle.
INTRODUCTION
: While parking the car the driver should be more careful because he cannot see the back of the car while parking or taking reverse, if there is any obstacle and ran over it might be get damage to the car. Our project will help the person in the driving seat and give alarm if there is any obstacle or a wall while parking or while driving in reverse.
The IR sensor will detect the obstacle with in 100cm, if there is any obstacle it will sense and give information to the tone detector which will enable the LM555 timer to generate a PWM for the buzzer. The LM555 will generate the pulse which helps to buzz the buzzer so driver can understand that there is an obstacle.
: is a tone detector which can interpret the frequency generated by the other component and give the output according to the application designed by the engineer. For example if a component is attached to the input of LM567 which can generate a 40 kHz signal , but we to function the following circuit when the component has reached to the 40KHz. At this decision making we will use tone detector. The tone detector is mainly used in touch tone decoders, ultrasonic controls, frequency monitoring and control etc.
: is a timer which can generate a PWM signals in various width and duty cycles. The 555 timer is mainly used to control the other peripherals like motors, detectors, regulators etc.
: the main function of the IR sensor is to produce a beam for certain distance (the distance of the beam is always depends on the IR sensor, different IR sensor have different range of beam distance) if the there is any obstacle in the beam it will conduct and give signal.
: the photo darlington transistor will act as a photo detectors. They will conduct to the light or electro magnetic signals. The main function of this transistor is to amplify the input signal of the transistor. But it will work slowly when compared to the other transistors. It is having a maximum frequency of 20 KHz.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
While parking the car the driver should be more careful because he cannot see the back of the car while parking or taking reverse, if there is any obstacle and ran over it might be get damage to the car. Our project will help the person in the driving seat and give alarm if there is any obstacle or a wall while parking or while driving in reverse.The IR sensor will detect the obstacle with in 100cm, if there is any obstacle it will sense and give information to the tone detector which will enable the LM555 timer to generate a PWM for the buzzer. The LM555 will generate the pulse which helps to buzz the buzzer so driver can understand that there is an obstacle
LM7805 VOLTAGE REGULATOR
7805 is a voltage regulator integrated circuit. It is a member of 78xx series of fixed linear voltage regulator ICs. The voltage source in a circuit may have fluctuations and would not give the fixed voltage output. The voltage regulator IC maintains the output voltage at a constant value. The xx in 78xx indicates the fixed output voltage it is designed to provide. 7805 provides +5V regulated power supply. Capacitors of suitable values can be connected at input and output pins depending upon the respective voltage levels
How it Works:
The transformer drops the 240 volt 'mains' voltage to 8.5 volts. The diode 'bridge' rectifies the 8.5 volts AC from the output side of the power transformer into DC. The 2500uF capacitor helps to maintain a constant input into the regulator.
As a general guide this capacitor should be rated at a minimum of 1000uF for each amp of current drawn and at least TWICE the input voltage. The 0.1uF capacitor eliminates any high frequency pulses that could otherwise interfere with the operation of the regulator.
Voltage regulators are very robust. They can withstand over-current draw due to short circuits and also over-heating. In both cases the regulator will shut down before damage occurs. The only way to destroy a regulator is to apply reverse voltage to its input.
Reverse polarity destroys the regulator almost instantly. To avoid this possibility you should always use diode protection of the power supply. This is especially important when using nine volt battery supplies as it is common for people to 'test' the battery by connecting it one way and then the other. Even this short 'test' could destroy the regulator if a protection diode is not used.
All of the interfaces described on this site have protection diodes connected into the power supply circuit to prevent damage due to incorrect polarity. Generally a 1N4004, 1 amp power diode is connected in series with the power supply. If the supply is connected the wrong way around, the regulator will be protected from damage
LM 567 TONE DETECTOR
567 for the general tone decoder, when the input signal in the pass band to provide saturated transistor switch to ground, the circuit from the I and Q detector structure, driven by a voltage controlled oscillator center frequency of the oscillator to determine the decoder. Independent set with an external component output center frequency bandwidth and latency.
Mainly used for oscillation, modulation, demodulation, and remote control code, decoding circuitry. Such as power line carrier communications, radio sub-audio decoder, remote control and so on.
Monostable mode
A Monostable Circuit produces one pulse of a set length in response to a trigger input such as a push button. The output of the circuit stays in the low state until there is a trigger input, hence the name "monostable" meaning "one stable state". this type of circuit is ideal for use in a "push to operate" system for a model displayed at exhibitions. A visitor can push a button to start a model's mechanism moving, and the mechanism will automatically switch off after a set time
Bistable Mode (or Schmitt Trigger)
A Bistable Mode or what is sometimes called a Schmitt Trigger, has two stable states, high and low. Taking the Trigger input low makes the output of the circuit go into the high state. Taking the Reset input low makes the output of the circuit go into the low state. This type of circuit is ideal for use in an automated model railway system where the train is required to run back and forth over the same piece of track. A push button (or reed switch with a magnet on the underside of the train) would be placed at each end of the track so that when one is hit by the train, it will either trigger or reset the bistable. The output of the 555 would control a DPDT relay which would be wired as a reversing switch to reverse the direction of current to the track, thereby reversing the direction of the train.
CONCLUSION
Now a days many accidence due to carelessness of people in reverse taking conditions. In
order to avoid these severe accidence we have to control using this automatic system. This
could be achieved only if a good system is introduced which should sense the presence of
obstacle like any other vehicles, post etc. and operate the system. During its operation the
driver can easily analyze or sense the distance from the obstacles. It automates functioning
according to the signal from IR LED.
We hope that implementation of this project will help to reduce the number of accidence
occurring around us and will be a step to serve humanity