28-02-2013, 11:37 AM
CULTURAL HERITAGE OF INDIA WITH EMPHASIS ON 20TH CENTURY
CULTURAL HERITAGE.pdf (Size: 908.97 KB / Downloads: 189)
INTRODUCTION
Culture is a central instrument of discovering,
integrating and asserting the national identity of
India which truly and inevitably pluralistic.
Culture permeates every sphere of human
activity, determines and governs life and pattern of
Indian society in diverse regions and equality,
diverse fields.
LANGUAGES OF INDIA
India is home to several hundred languages.
Most languages spoken in India belong either
to the Indo Aryan and Dravidian families of
languages though some Indo- European
languages are also spoken and understood.
The Indo - Aryan languages including Hindi,
Rajasthani, Gujarati, Marathi, Bengali, Oriya,
Assamese, Sanskrit, Kashmiri, Sindhi and
Punjabi cover about
three - fourths of
India’s population.
The languages of the
Southern India viz
Telugu, Tamil, Kannada
and Malayalam belong to
the Dravidian family.
Of the Indo - European
languages, English is the
most widely used one.
MAJOR INDIAN RELIGIONS
India is the land of religions. India being a
secular country does not recognise any
religion as state religion. The Constitution
allows freedom of faith, worship and religion.
India is the birth place of four of the worlds
major religious traditions, namely Hinduism,
Jainism, Buddhism and Sikhism. The other
religions in India are Christianity. Islam,
Zoroastrianism, Judaism and the Bahai faith.
Hinduism
It is believed that Hinduism was the oldest
religion to come into existence in India. Almost
80% of the population follows the Hindu
religion in India. Hinduism is world’s third
largest religion after Christianity and Islam.
Many aspects of Hindu philosophy like Yoga,
Ayurvedic medicine, Vegetarianism, Karma
and reincarnation have been popularized in
the West by Indian Spiritual figures.
MUSIC OF INDIA
Music of India includes variety of folk,pop
music, classical music etc. The two main
traditions of classical music in India are
Carnatic music and Hindustani Music.
Carnatic Music are found predominantaly in
the peninsular regions and Hindustani music
are found in the northern and central regions.
Hindustani music was not only influenced by
ancient Hindu musical traditions but also
enriched by the Persian performance practices
of the Mughals.
Hindustani Music
It was Vishnu Digambar Paluskar and Vishnu
Narayan Bhatkhande who spread Hindustani
classical music to masses by starting schools,
teaching music in classroom and devising a
standardized grading and testing system.
Bhatkhande standardized and unversaliszed the
notation system making it easier to spread
music.
PERSONALITIES OF CARNATIC MUSIC
M.S. Subbulakshmi : was a renowned
Carnatic vocalist. She
was the first musician ever to be
awarded the Bharat Ratna. She
also received Ramon Magsaysay Award. Some
of the famous works include Suprabhatam,
Bhajagovindam, Vishnu Sahasranamam, Hanuman
Chalisa etc.
Dr. M. Balamurali Krishna : is a carnatic
vocalist, multi - instrumentalist and a playback
singer. He has composed over 400 compositions
in various languages like Telugu, Sanskrit
and Tamil. Dr. Balamuralikrishna has innovated
the whole Carnatic Music system by
keeping its rich tradition untouched. He also
innovated the tala system. He has won many
awards including Padma Shri,