25-05-2012, 01:12 PM
Climate Change and India
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Climate Change and India
The setting
Climate change Actions
Institutional Arrangement
Major Climate Change Activities
Adaptation and Development
The Setting
Occupies 2.4% (3.28 million sq. km of the worlds land area but support 16.2% (more than 1 billion) of the worlds human population
Diverse physiographic features - Himalayas, Coastal areas, northern plains, peninsular plateau and islands
Dominating feature of climate is the Monsoon
Endowed with varied climate, biodiversity and ecological regions (Forest Cover about 675.5 thousand sq km
2/3 rd population dependent on climate sensitive sectors
Poverty ratio at national poverty line ~ 28.6 % of total population
Agricultural land ~ 60.8% of total land area
CO2 emissions ~ 1. 2 t per capita
Energy use~ 508.8 kg of oil equivalent per capita
GDP (current US$) ~ 691.2 billion
GDP growth : 7% annually (average)
Vulnerability Assessment & Adaptation
Climate projection scenarios (RCM, HadCM2)
National Impact Assessment Studies on:
- Water Resources
- Agriculture
- Forests & other Natural Ecosystems
- Coastal Zones
- Human health
- Energy and Infrastructure
Agriculture
Decrease in yield of crops as temperature increases in different parts of India - For example a a 2°C increase in mean air temperature, rice yields could decrease by about 0.75 ton/hectare in the high yield areas and by about 0.06 ton/hectare in the low yield coastal regions.
Major impacts of climate change will be on rain fed crops (other than rice and wheat), which account for nearly 60% of cropland area. In India poorest farmers practice rain fed agriculture.
The loss in farm-level net revenue will range between 9 and 25% for a temperature rise of 2-3.5°C
Climate Friendly Initiative
Wide-ranging reforms such as:
Policies adopted by India for sustainable development, such as
Energy and Power sector reforms
energy efficiency
increasing penetration of cleaner fuels
thrust for renewable energy technologies
Introduction of landmark environmental measures that have targeted
- cleansing of rivers,
- enhanced forestation,
- installed significant capacity of hydro and renewable energy
technologies and
- introduced clean coal technologies
- cleaner and lesser carbon intensive fuel