13-11-2012, 02:03 PM
Concept Of Zombies
A zombie computer to the internet that has been compromised by a cracker,computer virus or trojan horse and can be used to perform malicious tasks of one sort or another under remote direction.Botnets of zombie computers are often used to spread e-mail spam and launch denial-of-service attacks.Most owners of zombie computers are unaware that their systemis being used in this way because the owner tends to be unaware,these computers are metaphorically compared to zombies.
Zombies have been used extensively to send e-mail spam;as of 2005,an estimated 50-80% of all spam worldwide was sent by zombies computers.This allows spammer to avoid detection and presumably reduces their bandwidth cost,since the owners of zombies pay for there own bandwidth.This spam also greatly furthers the spread of trojan hourses;as trojans they rely on the movement of e-mails or spam grow,whereas worms can spread by other meanr.
For similar reasons zombies are also used to commit click fraud againt sites displaying pay per click advertising other can host phishing or many mule recruiting websites.Zombies can be used to conduct distributed denial of service attacks,a term which refers to the orchestrated flooding of target websites by large no of computers .The large no of internet users making simultanous requests of a website's server are intended to result in crashing and the prevention of legitimate users from accessing the size.
A variant of this type of flooding is known as distributed degraclation- of- service.Committed by "pulsing" zombies,distributed degraclation-of-service is the moderated and periodical flooding of websites,done with the intent slowing down rather that crashing a victim site.The effectivencess of this tractic springs from the fact that the intence can be quickly,detected and remedied,but pulsing zombie attacks and the resulting slow down in website can go unnoticed for menths and even years.
Notable incidents of distributed denial and degraclation-of-service attacks in past include the attack upon the SPEWS service 2003,and one against blue frog service in 2006.In 2000,several prominent websites were clogged to a standstill by a distributed denial of service attack mounted by a canadian tcenager.An attack on grc.com is discussed at length,and the perpetrator,a 13-year old probably from kenosha,jaliseon sin was;ident's fied on the gibson research website steue gibson disassembled a boot which was zombies used in the attack,and traced it to its distributor.In this account about it his research,he describes the operation of 'boot' controlling IRC channel.
The article contrasts conceptual zombies with those of Haitian Folklore and outlives the importance of the zombies question to efforts to create artificial cognitive systems
1.Tow kinds of zombies.
2.Tow kinds of possibility.
3.Possibilities and mathematical mysticism
1.Tow kinds of zombies:- Zombies from the literature of cognitive science and philosophy of mind,unlike the voodo victimsof Haitain folklore,are traditionally understood to be hypothetical creatures all together lacking counsious experience who none the less behave indeslengenshely from the rest of us.Phelosphers zombies walk and talk as if they are concious the appears to wake up in the more and in breakfast they even speculate on meaning of dreams they cloim to have had.They dont realise that they are zombies of course no of pecularites of spoil the prestence enterprising theoriest engaging in one conversation about the topic might well hear all manner of insighlful conectry all what the concept of zombies recoals about mines.The traditional picture of behavioural zombies does not the such creatures also be physically indesguishable from their consious counterport .A non consious creaturs indestinguesh both in terms of behaviour and in terms of physical construction.
2.Two kinds of possibility:- It is straight forward to demonstrate that a behavioural zombie is logically possible.Have done this,for instance in Mind Out Matter but the construction give there done not establish that zombies are phiysically passible (of course that does not mean they are not it has not been demonstred).When whether or not super zombies are possible however,depends greatly on the details of one's concept of consciousness.While many philosophers routinely claim that super zombies are logically possible simply becaus they themselves cannot think of any contradication in the concept this should not be taken as an especially convincing lines of argument.