06-03-2013, 02:48 PM
Optimal Power Generating by Matlab
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INTRODUCTION
The power sector has got an important role in the development of the country like India. The resources available of power are two types.
1. Non-conventional source like wind, tidal, solar etc.
2. Conventional source like hydel, thermal, nuclear etc.
The power industry can be classified into three parts based on their activities.
1. Generation of power
2. Transmission of power
3. Distribution of power
POWER INDUSTRY DIAGRAMS
Generation of power: There are various organizations which are generating electrical power in India like state Electricity boards, NHPC, Generating corporations etc. In India, mainly the electrical power generation is form of hydro power plants, coal or lignite based thermal power plants, Gas based power plants, captive power generators, Independent producers etc.
Transmission of power: The generation power shall be transmitted to the consumers as the power generation stations are located some where based on the availability of resources. The Transmission of power at higher voltages reduces the losses. There are various electrical power Transmission corporations like state Electricity boards, power grid etc.
Distribution of power: The power is transmitted at higher voltages which can not be directly given to consumers. Hence, the high voltage is reduced to required voltage levels and given to the consumer and collecting the charges from them based on the consumption of power and category service. There are state Electricity boards to distribute the power to the consumers.
THERMAL POWER PLANTS:
Thermal power plants are mostly coal based power plants. The no of auxiliaries will be more in this type of power plants. The major components are coal plant, DM water plant, fuel oil pump house , boiler and it auxiliaries, turbine auxiliaries, generator, generating transformer, unit transformers, station transformers, switchyard and ash handling plant. There are two types of coal based thermal power stations.
Power plant with cooling towers:
In this type of plant the water from outlet of the condenser will be sent to cooling tower and cooled the water in the cooling tower and pumping to the condenser. The makeup water will be added to the cover the loss of water due to drift and evaporation. The auxiliary power consumption will be more in case of induced draft cooling tower and forced draft cooling tower.
TYPES OF POWER TARIFFS IN GENERATION OF POWER:
There are various types of power tariffs taken place in the power sector. They are
1.Single part tariff: the charges based on the generation or consumption. The unit rate will be decided based on the capital cost and running charges. If the generating station is able to generate more power, it will get more benefit. If the generating station is not able to generate more power, it will get the charges to extent of the generation takes place. The generator will loose charges when it is in idle condition. So, to avoid such situation the next step taken place is two part tariff.
Availability Based Tariff: (ABT)
The objectives of the ABT are:
Economic Generation and improved grid discipline.
Fixed charges of generation and transmission are apportioned on the basis of entitlements of the utilities.
Fixed cost would be treated as sunk cost.
Thereafter, the priority would only be the variable cost and option would be for least variable cost, thus leading to implementation of Merit Order Dispatch.
(a) Ensure financial viability of the sector and attract investments;
(b) Ensure availability of electricity to consumers at reasonable rates;
© Promote transparency, consistency and predictability in regulatory approaches across jurisdiction and minimize perceptions of regulatory risks.
MIS for ABT:
Management information system (MIS) provides the design of required hardware and software monitoring ABT tariff structure. The ABT tariff mechanism is based on 15 minutes energy schedules given by the dispatch
Centre and the schedule generation is linked with the actual frequency of the grid. As this tariff structure involves monitoring of many parameters, better software will improves the netter strength of power station.
AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF
HISTORY:
The central government was examining in the early nineties the reform of the tariff structure of bulk power, with the object of inducing better system operation and grid discipline, through commercial incentives and disincentives.
The GoI and ADB in co-operation with World Bank in Feb 1993, entrusted a study of the Indian power system to a reputed international consultant – M/s ECC (Energy and Control Consultant, INC., USA) and to recommend a suitable tariff structure. A study Report (Availability tariff) was submitted by M/s ECC in Feb 1994.
ABT MECHANISM:
ABT structure is a complex tariff structure for better grid discipline, which is beneficiary to grid and consumers. When parameters to be monitored came to the ABT for thermal power plants, real time is increased for getting more benefits. The ABT tariff mechanism is based on 15 minutes generation (energy) schedules given by the dispatch center and the schedule generation is linked with the actual frequency of the grid. As this tariff structure involves monitoring of many parameters, better software will improve the economic strength of the power station. The MIS will be helpful to the operating personnel and the management of power stations for better and economical operation of the power plant.
CONCLUSIONS
This project has presented a method of incremental fuel cost for cost for scheduling thermal generating units to achieve minimum operating cost. The method which uses incremental fuel cost with MATLAB is systematic, amenable to on-line computation and requires minimum number of assumptions. In this project, optimal load scheduling problem is considered for the
Plant with 2 units. Assuming the 2 units are always in ON condition. A MATLAB PROGRAM is developed for optimal load scheduling of the plant by using incremental fuel cost.