17-07-2012, 04:48 PM
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS - INDIA-AUSTRALIA
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INTRODUCTION
Australia–India relations are the foreign relations between the Republic of India and the Commonwealth of Australia. Before independence Australia and India were both part of the British Empire and both are members of the Commonwealth of Nations. They also share political, economic, security, linguistic and sporting ties.
Diplomatic relations
India first established a Trade Office in Sydney, Australia in 1941. It is currently represented by a High Commissioner in the embassy at Canberra and Consulate generals in Sydney and Melbourne.[22] Australia has a High Commission in New Delhi, India and Consulates in Mumbai and Chennai.[23]
HISTORY
The ties between Australia and India started immediately following European settlement in 1788. On the founding of the penal colony of New South Wales, all trade to and from the colony was controlled by the British East India Company
India and Australia have commercial ties dating back to the 18th century, when India played a central role in nourishing the young colony and trade with Australia came to be an important element in the operations of the East India Company in Bengal.
For the next half century, Australia's most immediate and direct links were with India rather than London, as bureaucrats, merchants, chaplains and judges moved between the two colonies. India was an important source of food and provisions for Australia; by 1840 a ship was leaving Sydney for India roughly every four days, and merchants in Calcutta grew rich from supplying the new outpost. At the beginning of the 19th century, several British colonial families from India made a life for themselves in the new Australian colonies.
POLITICAL HISTORY
While there has been a regular exchange of visits at Ministerial level, bilateral visits at Head of Government/Head of State level have been limited. PM John Howard visited India in July 2000 and again in March 2006. Prime Minister Kevin Rudd of Australia visited India in November 2009, when it was agreed to take the relationship to the level of a strategic partnership. Vice President Shri M.Hamid Ansari represented India at the CHOGM 2011 held in Perth from 28-30 October.
TRADE & INVESTMENT HISTORY
Australia is India’s eighth largest trading partner and India is Australia's fifth largest. India’s ranking among Australia’s export destinations has risen from twelfth to fourth in the period 2003-04 to 2009-10.
Trade is growing exponentially. From A$ 6.54 bn in 2003-04, trade in goods and services between India and Australia reached A$ 21.01 billion (US$ 20.81 billion) in 2010-11.
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES & EDUCATION
An Inter-Governmental Agreement on S&T was concluded in 1986, under which MOUs have been entered into in the areas of space, meteorology, S&T research, educational and scientific training. There are Joint Working Groups on S&T and Biotechnology.
In 2006, the two Governments set up the Australia-India Strategic Research Fund. The Fund has a contribution of $ 65 million from each country. It covers several areas including agriculture, astronomy and astro-physics, environmental sciences, microelectronics, and nanotechnology and has identified a number of collaborative research projects. The Research Projects and Case Studies cover critical areas such as oncology, marine science,water management, climate change drive evolution and Ocean colour.
CURRENT TRADES IND-AUS
India is now Australia’s third-largest export market and its fifth-largest trading partner. Australia is India’s sixth largest trading partner
In 2009-10, India’s exports to Australia stood at just US$1.38 billion, while imports amounted to a whopping US$12.4 billion, translating into an Indian trade deficit of about US$11 billion with Australia.
India exports a range of services to Australia, including IT-enabled services and software. With a 23.2 per cent trend growth rate over the past five years, India has become Australia’s fastest-growing services export market after China.
WHY NO FROM AUSTRALIA
The uranium deal with India, will allow Australia to move forward in any future strategic partnership it may seek with India. Without it, the relationship would have been stuck with just coal, cricket and students.From a New Delhi perspective the story was – if Australia was unwilling to sell India raw uranium, while selling the yellow cake to its Northern neighbour who despite having signed the NPT was linked to nuclearisation of Pakistan, North Korea, Iran and Myanmar, it meant a) Australia was over-awed by China and b) India should not trust it as a potential strategic partner.