06-09-2016, 03:54 PM
1453311915-DIFFERENTIALLOCKINGSYSTEM.docx (Size: 184.79 KB / Downloads: 5)
INTRODUCTION
The Transmission System's Parts and Layout
A transmission system is a rather simple looking, but complicated piece of equipment which is present in your vehicle to do a variety of jobs -- the basic of the jobs being to provide a way to connect and disconnect the engine from the rest of the driving mechanism which is done for starting the vehicle and for changing gears
The engine is at the very front and forms the primary connecting point for the entire system. The crankshaft is parallel to the axis of the wheel and the transmission system basically connects to the flywheel of the engine. The drive from the engine is routed through the flywheel first, then to the clutch and is moved on to the gearbox.
From the gearbox, a propeller shaft leads out to the far end of the vehicle, up to the rear axle (live, in case of a rear wheel drive). The axle on which the actual drive is mounted (rear axle in the case of rear axle drive and front in the case of front axle drive) is called the live axle. A live axle is the one through which the drive is transmitted as opposed to a dead axle which doesn’t help transmit any power at all. The live axle has a differential gear system (made of bevel gears or worm gears) which divides the income power from the propeller shaft equally between the two half-axles (one leading to one of the two wheels each)
A clutch is basically used for connecting and disconnecting the engine from the driving wheels, whether stationary or when the vehicle is in motion. The clutch is engaged or disengaged by using a spring-loading mechanism (among other types, which will be discussed) and is done using the pressure of a pedal operated by the driver from within the driving cabin.
One of the most important reasons as to why the transmission system exists, what with all this complicated set up gears and systems to leverage the power, as and when required, between the engine and the wheels. You might want to go faster, go slower and there are times when you need more power than most other times. How would your car be flexible to cater to your demands if it weren’t for the transmission systems and the gear ratios that it provides?
Engines need to be started to be able to run or operate. However, there is a slight annoyance here. We have learnt earlier that there is an entire drive line connected from the engine’s flywheel to the front/rear/both sets of wheels. That means to say that there is tremendous amount of weight that the vehicle’s engine has, attached to it.
If you need the engine to start, you would need to use a battery operated starting motor (as is being used currently). If this starting motor where to start your engine and given that your engine is connected to the entire driveline, it would be prove to be impossible to start it at all. A driveline is nothing but a propeller shaft that connects from the engine to the differential (explained later) and then finally to the wheels.
For this reason, there is a transmission mechanism provided, starting at the flywheel of the engine which helps you to disassociate the driveline from the engine when you start the vehicle. This way, the engine isn’t connected to the driveline when starting and hence the starting motor manages to do its work.
Additionally, while we are traveling on the road, the torque requirements for the vehicle are varied. For example, high torque is needed to get the vehicle moving from a position of rest. Sometimes, you might want to accelerate rapidly -- in the case of overtaking perhaps-- and you would need a sudden surge of power. In all of these cases, how do you think the engine’s power is leveraged to provide your wheels that power surge? Again, a complex arrangement of gears (such that certain pre-determined gear ratios are formed) makes all this possible.
As we move down the driveline, the torque of the engine is modified, stage by stage, until it reaches the wheels where it now becomes the tractive force or the propulsive force at the point where the wheels touch the road.
Manual transmissions, as we know, remain the same for most vehicle classes, more or less. However, there are various special cases like Front-wheel drives, rear-wheel drives, and all-wheel drives. Added to this, there is this fact that while negotiating a corner, the outer wheels must rotate faster than the inner wheels and to achieve this, there is a separate gearing called as ‘the differential” which makes that possible ( which will be explained later)
So, in a nutshell, here are the requirements and functions of an automotive transmission:
1. Provides a way to disconnect the driveline (the mechanism leading up to the wheels) from the engine while starting or when changing gears.
2. To enable connecting the driveline back to the engine gradually, without shocks, while moving or while the engine is operating.
3. To enable leverage between the wheels and the engine.
4. To enable the driving wheels to rotate at different speeds while taking a turn -- accomplished by a differential.
APPLICATION :
Which vehicle implements this concept all over the world?
Only two…..1) US Deffence in Hummer Vehicles……&
2) Toyota Piyrus……no one else
ADVANTAGES :
1) We can easily move the vehicle,when one wheel is in the slippery or pit condition
2) The construction of new differential is simple.
3) It avoid the vehicle from the accident
4) The torque applied to each driving wheel is a result of the engine, transmission and drive axles applying a twisting force against the resistance of the traction at that roadwheel.
5) It apply the equal traction to both wheel.
CONCLUSION :
In this project,we develop the simple mechanism for controlling the power distribution from the engine of the vehicle to the differential in slippery or pit condition of the rear wheel ( i.e. the only one wheel )
The new develop mechanism, transfer the total power of the engine to the only slippery wheel and pull the wheel and provide the equal traction to both wheel. In this way we avoid the accident and controlling the vehicle in slippery condition.