05-05-2012, 05:17 PM
DISTRICT GROUND WATER BROCHURE BIKANER DISTRICT
Bikaner.pdf (Size: 524.87 KB / Downloads: 102)
INTRODUCTION
Bikaner district is located in the north-western part of Rajasthan and encompassed between north latitudes 27°11’ to 29°03’ and east longitudes 71°52’ to 74°15’ covering geographical area of 30247.90 Sq. kms. It is bounded on the north by Ganganagar District, on the east by Churu and Nagaur Districts, on south by Jodhpur and Jaisalmer districts and on the west by International border with Pakistan. It is administratively divided into five blocks namely Bikaner, Nokha, Lunkaransar, Dungargarh and Kolayat. The district has one municipal council, 219 Gram panchayats and 889 Villages. As per 2001 Census, the total population of the district is 19.02 lac out of which 10.03 lac Male population and 8.99 lac is female population.
RAINFALL & CLIMATE
The district experiences arid type of climate. Mean annual rainfall (1971-2005) of the district is 297.7 mm whereas normal rainfall (1901-1971) is lower than average rainfall and placed at 257.8 mm. Almost 90% of the total annual rainfall is received during the southwest monsoon, which enters the district in the first week of July and withdraws in the mid of September. As the district lies in the desert area, extreme of heat in summer and cold in winter is the characteristic of the desert. Both day and night temperature increases gradually and reaches their maximum values in April, May and June. The temperature varies from 48 degree in summer to 1 degree in winter. Atmosphere is generally dry except during the monsoon period. The humidity is highest in August with mean daily relative humidity is 71% in the morning and 52% in the evening.
GEOMORPHOLOGY & DRAINAGE
The major part of the area under investigation is covered by sand dunes of different types and magnitudes, with flat to undulating interdunal plain. The west, central and eastern part of Bikaner tehsil area are constituted by flat and undulation alluvial plain. The regional slope of land surface in the district is from SE to NNW. The highest elevation in the eastern part of the district is 275 m above msl while in its western part it is 150 m above mean sea level. The District has no major drainage except a few short intermittent and ephemeral channels near Kolayat and few natural lakes or depressions are observed near Gajner, Kolayat, Nal and Lunkaransar. In the year of drought there is no run off.
SOIL, LAND USE & IRRIGATION PRACTICES
The soils of Bikaner district are predominantly light textured, weak – structured but well – drained. The arid climate with low rainfall, high temperature and high evaporation losses have resulted in physical and mechanical disintegration of the parent material giving rise to predominance of coarse fraction in the soil. Very little chemical weathering has been taking place and the development of soil is mostly indistinct.