14-05-2013, 04:48 PM
Design and Performance Analysis of Centrifugal Pump
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Abstract
This paper deals with the design and performance
analysis of centrifugal pump. In this paper, centrifugal pump is
analyzed by using a single-stage end suction centrifugal pump. Two
main components of a centrifugal pump are the impeller and the
casing. The impeller is a rotating component and the casing is a
stationary component. In centrifugal pump, water enters axially
through the impeller eyes and water exits radially. The pump casing
is to guide the liquid to the impeller, converts into pressure the high
velocity kinetic energy of the flow from the impeller discharge and
leads liquid away of the energy having imparted to the liquid comes
from the volute casing. A design of centrifugal pump is carried out
and analyzed to get the best performance point. The design and
performance analysis of centrifugal pump are chosen because it is the
most useful mechanical rotodynamic machine in fluid works which
widely used in domestic, irrigation, industry, large plants and river
water pumping system. Moreover, centrifugal pumps are produced
by manufacturing processes in Myanmar.
INTRODUCTION
PUMPS are used in a wide range of industrial and
residential applications. Pumping equipment is extremely
diverse, varying in type, size, and materials of construction.
There have been significant new developments in the area of
pumping equipment. They are used to transfer liquids from
low-pressure to high pressure in this system, the liquid would
move in the opposite direction because of the pressure
difference.
Water Power and Shaft Power
The power imparted to the water by the pump is called
water power. To calculate water power, the flow rate and the
pump head must be known. As a result, to provide a certain
amount of power to the water a larger amount of power must
be provided to the pump shaft. This power is called brake
power. The efficiency of the pump determines how much
more power is required at the shaft.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
The performance of centrifugal pump is described by a
graph plotting the head generated by the pump over a range of
flow rates. A typical pump performance curve are included its
efficiency and brake horsepower, both of which are plotted
with respect to flow rate. The output of a pump running at a
given speed is the flow rate delivery by it and the head
developed. Thus, head is against flow rate at constant speed
forms fundamental performance characteristic of a pump.
Disk Friction Losses
The impeller was designed to investigate the effect of disk
friction on total power. The disk friction increases
proportionally to the fifth power of disk diameter In order to
examine the relation between the height of disk friction losses
and the geometry of disks in real centrifugal pump housing
disks without and with modified outlet sections with various
numbers, angles and widths are investigated. Disks with
modified outlet sections were examined to approach a real
impeller in real centrifugal pump housing.
CONCLUSION
We show some looses of centrifugal pump with the values
Q and H are determined for the various operating points.
Centrifugal pumps are fluid-kinetic machines designed for
power increase within a rotating impeller. In centrifugal
pumps, the delivery head depends on the flow rate. This
relationship, also called pump performance, is illustrated by
curves. To get characteristic curve of a centrifugal pump,
values of theoretical head, slip, shock losses, recirculation
losses and other friction losses are calculated by varying
volume flow rate.