17-08-2012, 11:42 AM
A Study on analysis of information technology
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Information technology: -
Information technology is a technology, this is used to acquire, store, organize and process data to a form which can be used in specified applications and disseminate the processed data. . Information technology deals with the use of electronic computers and computer software to convert, store, protect process, transmit, and securely retrieve information.
The Indian Information Technology sector can be classified into the following Broad categories - IT Services, Engineering Services, ITES-BPO Services and E-Business.
IT Services can further be categorized into Information Services (IS) outsourcing, Packaged software support and installation, systems integration, processing Services, hardware support, hardware installation and IT training and education.
Engineering Services include Industrial Design, Mechanical Design, and Electronic System Design (including Chip/Board and Embedded Software Design), Design Validation Testing, Industrialization and Prototyping.
IT Enabled Services are services that use telecom networks or the Internet. For Example, Remote Maintenance, Back Office Operations, Data Processing, Call Centers, Business Process Outsourcing, etc. IT sector is attracting considerable Interest not only as a vast market but also as potential production base by International companies. Therefore India is considered as a pioneer in software development and favorite destination for IT-enabled services.
E Business (electronic business) is carrying out business on the Internet; it Includes buying and selling, serving customers and collaborating with business Partners.
Evolution of information technology in India:-
The setup of IT in India was done by the Tata group in association with the Burroughs at Mumbai in 1967. The first software export zone SEEPZ was setup in 1973, at that time 80% of India’s software were exported from there.
The Indian government bought EVSEM computers from soviat unions in 1968 which was used in big organizations only for the technological and scientific researches
But due to the production of more engineers then country can consume the number of emigrants increased and these supported foreign countries to get a large step ahead from India. The most of the helping hands in the US's scientific and technological improvement was Indian, in association with the California’s Silicon Valley.
During this time the creation of new organization was in progress with enhancement of IT in India some well known groups stood-up some of the names are, National Informatics Center, Tata InfoTech, Patni Computers, Wipro, Infosys etc.
In 1991 Department of electronic created a corporation called Software Technology Parks of India which are owned by govt. of India. They provide VSAT communication and after 1993 Govt. allowed pvt. Companies to own dedicated links.
VSNL was first to introduce Gateway E-Mail service with the 64kbps leased line service. It was the ministry of Atal Bihari Vajpai who significantly improved the IT in India by placing development of IT in the five major priorities and form National Task Force on IT and software development and within 90 days of the creation of NTF the suggested 108 recommendation for IT sector. And new telecommunication policy IT Act 2000 was created for legal procedures of electronic transaction and e-commerce.
Literature of review:-
Literature Review of Information Technology Adoption Models at Firm Level .This study conducted by Tiago Oliveira and Maria Fraga Martins.
Today information technology (IT) is universally regarded as an essential tool in enhancing the competitiveness of the economy of a country. There is consensus that IT has significant effects on the productivity of firms. These effects will only be realized if, and when, IT are widely spread and used. It is essential to understand the determinants of IT adoption. Consequently it is necessary to know the theoretical models. There are few reviews in the literature about the comparison of IT adoption models at the individual level, and to the best of our knowledge there are even fewer at the firm level. This review will fill this gap. In this study, we review theories for adoption models at the firm level used in information systems literature and discuss two prominent models: diffusion on innovation (DOI) theory, and the technology, organization, and environment (TOE) framework. The DOI found that individual characteristics, internal characteristics of organizational structure, and external characteristics of the organization are important antecedents to organizational innovativeness.