27-10-2016, 02:55 PM
1461748473-ELECTROMAGNETICPUNCHINGMACHINE.REPORT.doc (Size: 74 KB / Downloads: 5)
SYNOPSIS
In this project we have fabricate electromagnetic punching. This is a new innovative concept. This project is mainly used in stationaries. This project is constructed with simple arrangements. The main components used in this project are electromagnetic coil, solenoid switch and battery.
INTRODUCTION
Here we have fabricated the punching machine by using electromagnetic switch. This machine has been mainly developed for stationeries, Xerox shops and binding shops. This machine is very useful in produce number of punch. by using the electromagnetic coil automation is achieved.
DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENTS
3.1. ELECTROMAGNETIC COIL:
An electromagnetic coil is formed when a conductor solid copper wire is wound around a core or form to create an inductor or electromagnet. One loop of wire is usually referred to as a turn, and a coil consists of one or more turns. For use in an electronic circuit, electrical connection terminals called taps are often connected to a coil. Coils are often coated with varnish and/or wrapped with insulating tape to provide additional insulation and secure them in place. A completed coil assembly with taps etc. is often called a winding. A transformer is an electromagnetic device that has a primary winding and a secondary winding that transfer’s energy from one electrical circuit to another by magnetic coupling without moving parts. The term tickler coil usually refers to a third coil placed in relation to a primary coil and secondary coil. A coil tap is a wiring feature found on some electrical transformers, inductors and coil pickups, all of which are sets of wire coils. The coil tap are points in a wire coil where a conductive patch has been exposed. As self induction is larger for larger coil diameter the current in a thick wire tries to flow on the inside. The ideal use of copper is achieved by foils. Sometimes this means that a spiral is a better alternative. Multilayer coils have the problem of interlayer capacitance, so when multiple layers are needed the shape needs to be radically changed to a short coil with many layers so that the voltage between consecutive layers is smaller.
3.2 BATTERY
In our project we are using secondary type battery. It is rechargeable type. A battery is one or more electrochemical cells, which store chemical energy and make it available as electric current. There are two types of batteries, primary (disposable) and secondary (rechargeable), both of which convert chemical energy to electrical energy. Primary batteries can only be used once because they use up their chemicals in an irreversible reaction. Secondary batteries can be recharged because the chemical reactions they use are reversible; they are recharged by running a charging current through the battery, but in the opposite direction of the discharge current. Secondary, also called rechargeable batteries can be charged and discharged many times before wearing out. After wearing out some batteries can be recycled.
Batteries have gained popularity as they became portable and useful for many purposes. The use of batteries has created many environmental concerns, such as toxic metal pollution. A battery is a device that converts chemical energy directly to electrical energy it consists of one or more voltaic cells. Each voltaic cell consists of two half cells connected in series by a conductive electrolyte.
One half-cell is the positive electrode, and the other is the negative electrode. The electrodes do not touch each other but are electrically connected by the electrolyte, which can be either solid or liquid. A battery can be simply modeled as a perfect voltage source
which has its own resistance, the resulting voltage across the load depends on the ratio of the battery's internal resistance to the resistance of the load.
When the battery is fresh, its internal resistance is low, so the voltage across the load is almost equal to that of the battery's internal voltage source. As the battery runs down and its internal resistance increases, the voltage drop across its internal resistance increases, so the voltage at its terminals decreases, and the battery's ability to deliver power to the load decreases.
3.3 BATTERY CALCULATION:
BAH /CI = 8 ah/420ma
= 19 hrs
To find the Current
Watt = 18 w
Volt = 12v
Current =?
P= V x I
18 =12 x I
I = 18/12
= 1.5 AMPS
BATTERY USAGE WITH 1.5 AMPS
BAH /I
8/1.5 = 5.3 hrs
DESIGN AND DRAWING
4.1 MACHINE COMPONENTS
The electromagnetic punching system is consists of the following components to full fill the requirements of complete operation of the machine.
1. Electromagnetic coil
2. ON / OFF switch
3. Battery
WORKING PRINCIPLE
Here we fabricated the punching machine. It consist of cam arrangement, punching tool, and switch.
. The link which is fixed in the tool column is connected in the cam through guide. Here electromagnetic switch is coupled with the link arrangement . When we press the switch the electromagnet actuates the link due to up and down motion the punching operation is held.
MERITS & DEMERIT
MERITS
• Efficient punching achieved
• Low maintenance
• Quick response
• Easy to operate
LIST OF MATERIALS
FACTORS DETERMINING THE CHOICE OF MATERIALS
The various factors which determine the choice of material are discussed below.
1. PROPERTIES
The material selected must posses the necessary properties for the proposed application. The various requirements to be satisfied
Can be weight, surface finish, rigidity, ability to withstand environmental attack from chemicals, service life, reliability etc.
The following four types of principle properties of materials decisively affect their selection
a. Physical
b. Mechanical
c. From manufacturing point of view
d. Chemical
The various physical properties concerned are melting point, thermal
Conductivity, specific heat, coefficient of thermal expansion, specific gravity, electrical conductivity, magnetic purposes etc.
The various Mechanical properties Concerned are strength in tensile,
Compressive shear, bending, torsional and buckling load, fatigue resistance, impact resistance, eleastic limit, endurance limit, and modulus of elasticity, hardness, wear resistance and sliding properties.
The various properties concerned from the manufacturing point of view are,
Cast ability
Weld ability
Surface properties
Shrinkage
Deep drawing etc.
2. MANUFACTURING CASE
Sometimes the demand for lowest possible manufacturing cost or surface qualities obtainable by the application of suitable coating substances may demand the use of special materials.
3. QUALITY REQUIRED
This generally affects the manufacturing process and ultimately the material. For example, it would never be desirable to go casting of a less number of components which can be fabricated much more economically by welding or hand forging the steel.
4. AVAILABILITY OF MATERIAL
Some materials may be scarce or in short supply, it then becomes obligatory for the designer to use some other material which though may not be a perfect substitute for the material designed. The delivery of materials and the delivery date of product should also be kept in mind.
5. SPACE CONSIDERATION
Sometimes high strength materials have to be selected because the forces involved are high and space limitations are there.
6. COST
As in any other problem, in selection of material the cost of material plays an important part and should not be ignored.
Some times factors like scrap utilization, appearance, and non-maintenance of the designed part are involved in the selection of proper materials.
COST ESTIMATION
1. LABOUR COST
Lathe, drilling, welding, drilling, power hacksaw, gas cutting cost
2. OVERGHEAD CHARGES
The overhead charges are arrived by” manufacturing cost”
Manufacturing Cost =Material Cost + Labour Cost
=
=
Overhead Charges =20%of the manufacturing cost
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3. TOTAL COST
Total cost = Material Cost +Labour Cost +Overhead Charges
=
=
Total cost for this project =
CONCLUSION
This project is made with pre planning, that it provides flexibility in operation. This project “electromagnetic punching machine” is designed with the hope that it is very much economical and help full to stationeries etc., it reduces human effort.