16-06-2012, 09:45 PM
I want the approximate cost of the final year project of automatic railway gate control and track switching.[/font][/size]
16-06-2012, 09:45 PM
I want the approximate cost of the final year project of automatic railway gate control and track switching.[/font][/size]
18-06-2012, 12:13 PM
to get information about the topic "Automatic railway gate control and track switching" full report ppt and related topic refer the link bellow
https://seminarproject.net/Thread-automa...ull-report https://seminarproject.net/Thread-automa...ort?page=2
21-09-2012, 05:28 PM
sir
i want to know that the maintenance cost of the project "Automatic Railway Gate Control & Track Switching". my email id is anari2020[at]rediff.com
01-10-2012, 03:30 PM
Automatic Railway Gate Control & Track Switching
Automatic Railway Gate Control.docx (Size: 372.8 KB / Downloads: 49) ABSTRACT Present project is designed using 8051 microcontroller to avoid railway accidents happening at unattended railway gates, if implemented in spirit. This project utilizes two powerful IR transmitters and two receivers; one pair of transmitter and receiver is fixed at up side (from where the train comes) at a level higher than a human being in exact alignment and similarly the other pair is fixed at down side of the train direction. Sensor activation time is so adjusted by calculating the time taken at a certain speed to cross at least one compartment of standard minimum size of the Indian railway. We have considered 5 seconds for this project. Sensors are fixed at 1km on both sides of the gate. We call the sensor along the train direction as ‘foreside sensor’ and the other as ‘aft side sensor’. When foreside receiver gets activated, the gate motor is turned on in one direction and the gate is closed and stays closed until the train crosses the gate and reaches aft side sensors. When aft side receiver gets activated motor turns in opposite direction and gate opens and motor stops. Buzzer will immediately sound at the fore side receiver activation and gate will close after 5 seconds, so giving time to drivers to clear gate area in order to avoid trapping between the gates and stop sound after the train has crossed. The same principle is applied for track switching. Considering a situation wherein an express train and a local train are traveling in opposite directions on the same track; the express train is allowed to travel on the same track and the local train has to switch on to the other track. Two sensors are placed at the either sides of the junction where the track switches. If there’s a train approaching from the other side, then another sensor placed along that direction gets activated and will send an interrupt to the controller. The interrupt service routine switches the track. Indicator lights have been provided to avoid collisions. Here the switching operation is performed using a stepper motor. Assuming that within a certain delay, the train has passed the track is switched back to its original position, allowing the first train to pass without any interruption. This concept of track switching can be applied at 1km distance from the stations. Gate Control: Railways being the cheapest mode of transportation are preferred over all the other means .When we go through the daily newspapers we come across many railway accidents occurring at unmanned railway crossings. This is mainly due to the carelessness in manual operations or lack of workers. We, in this project has come up with a solution for the same. Using simple electronic components we have tried to automate the control of railway gates. As a train approaches the railway crossing from either side, the sensors placed at a certain distance from the gate detects the approaching train and accordingly controls the operation of the gate. Also an indicator light has been provided to alert the motorists about the approaching train. Track Switching Using the same principle as that for gate control, we have developed a concept of automatic track switching. Considering a situation wherein an express train and a local train are travelling in opposite directions on the same track; the express train is allowed to travel on the same track and the local train has to switch on to the other track. Indicator lights have been provided to avoid collisions .Here the switching operation is performed using a stepper motor. In practical purposes this can be achieved using electromagnets. 8051 Microcontroller The I/O ports of the 8051 are expanded by connecting it to an 8255 chip. The 8255 is programmed as a simple I/O port for connection with devices such as LEDs, stepper motors and sensors. More details of the 8255 are given later. The following block diagram shows the various devices connected to the different ports of an 8255. The ports are each 8-bit and are named A, B and C. The individual ports of the 8255 can be programmed to be input or output, and can be changed dynamically. The control register is programmed in simple I/O mode with port A, port B and port C (upper) as output ports and port C (lower) as an input port.
08-11-2012, 04:41 PM
AUTOMATED RAILWAY GATE CONTROL AND TRACK SWITCHING
AUTOMATED RAILWAY GATE.pptx (Size: 585.63 KB / Downloads: 53) INTRODUCTION Present project is designed using AT89C51 microcontroller to avoid railway accidents happening at unattended railway gates, if implemented in spirit. This project utilizes two powerful IR transmitters and two receivers; one pair of transmitter and receiver is fixed at up side (from where the train comes) at a level higher than a human being in exact alignment and similarly the other pair is fixed at down side of the train direction. Sensor activation time is so adjusted by calculating the time taken at a certain speed to cross at least one compartment of standard minimum size of the Indian railway. We have considered 5 seconds for this project. Sensors are fixed at 1km on both sides of the gate. We call the sensor along the train direction as ‘foreside sensor’ and the other as ‘after side sensor’. When foreside receiver gets activated, the gate motor is turned on in one direction and the gate is closed and stays closed until the train crosses the gate and reaches after side sensors POWER SUPPLY UNIT The Block diagram consists of the power supply, which is of single-phase 230V ac. This should be given to step down transformer to reduce the 230V ac voltage to lower value. i.e., to 9V or 18V ac this value depends on the transformer inner winding. The output of the transformer is given to the rectifier circuit. This rectifier converts ac voltage to dc voltage. But the voltage may consist of ripples or harmonics. To avoid these ripples, the output of the rectifier is connected to filter. The filter thus removes the harmonics. This is the exact dc voltage of the given specification. But the controller operates at 5V dc and the relays and driver operates at 12V dc voltage. So the regulator is required to reduce the voltage. Regulator 7805 produces 5V dc and regulator 7812 produces 12V dc. Both are positive voltages. GATE CONTROL UNIT The above figure shows the gate controlling unit block diagram. Its operation can be explained through that. As the figure shows it consists of two pairs of infrared sensors placed at two sides of gate. They should keep at a distance of 9 cm (2km in usual case) from the gate and a stepper motor is used for the purpose of the gate closing and opening. Interfaced to the ULN2003. When train reaches the sensor, it is detected by IR sensors placed 9 cm before the station and led in the sensor will glow because the 555 timer works into quasi state of operation. such that the IR LED should glow till the timer works in quasi state i.e., when train passes away the sensors it again into normal state then it receives 5v at terminals that pin at the 89c51 terminal goes high which enables the power to the stepper motor to rotate in steps which drives gate to close similarly when it reaches the second pair of sensors it senses and send the signal to the microcontroller to enable the current driver to open the gate by rotating the stepper motor in steps to get back in to original position. STEPDOWN TRANSFORMER The Step down Transformer is used to step down the main supply voltage from 230V AC to lower value. This 230 AC voltage cannot be used directly, thus it is stepped down. The Transformer consists of primary and secondary coils. To reduce or step down the voltage, the transformer is designed to contain less number of turns in its secondary core. The output from the secondary coil is also AC waveform. Thus the conversion from AC to DC is essential. This conversion is achieved by using the Rectifier Circuit/Unit. RECTIFIER UNIT: The Rectifier circuit is used to convert the AC voltage into its corresponding DC voltage. There are Half-Wave, Full-Wave and bridge Rectifiers available for this specific function. The most important and simple device used in Rectifier circuit is the diode. The simple function of the diode is to conduct when forward biased and not to conduct in reverse bias. The Forward Bias is achieved by connecting the diode’s positive with positive of the battery and negative with battery’s negative. The efficient circuit used is the Full wave Bridge rectifier circuit. The output voltage of the rectifier is in rippled form, the ripples from the obtained DC voltage are removed using other circuits available. The circuit used for removing the ripples is called Filter circuit. Scope of project This project is developed in order to help the INDIAN RAILWAYS in making its present working system a better one, by eliminating some of the loopholes existing in it. Based on the responses and reports obtained as a result of the significant development in the working system of INDIAN RAILWAYS, this project can be further extended to meet the demands according to situation. This can be further implemented to have control room to regulate the working of the system. Thus becomes the user friendliness. This circuit can be expanded and used in a station with any number of platforms as per the usage. Additional modules can be added with out affecting the remaining modules. This allows the flexibility and easy maintenance of the developed system. This system consists of following features over manual system: There is no time lag to operate the device. Accuracy. Simulation is provided to reflect the present status of the system. End user can operate this without knowing about electronics.
26-11-2012, 11:18 AM
to get information about the topic "Automatic Railway Gate Control and Track Switching" full report ppt and related topic refer the link bellow https://seminarproject.net/Thread-automa...ort?page=2 https://seminarproject.net/Thread-automa...ull-report https://seminarproject.net/Thread-automa...e=threaded https://seminarproject.net/Thread-automa...#pid125104 |
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