10-10-2014, 10:28 AM
ENGINE COMPONENTS AND ENGINE MANAGEMENTS SYSTEM” IN AUTOMOBILES
ENGINE COMPONENTS.pptx (Size: 1.14 MB / Downloads: 9)
ABSTRACT
There are different servicing done at the various time after the vehicle purchased from any competent. Some services are given free by the company to the customers and rest of them are paid one. During servicing mainly the engine oil, coolant, tyres alignments, engine parts working, fuel gauge checking, various sensors working and ECU are checked. I had checked various position of the sensors, engine servicing and working of ECU of the vehicle.
ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT (ECU)
It is an embedded system that controls one or more of the electrical system or subsystems and control series of actuators on an internal combustion engine to ensure optimal engine performance in an automobile. It reads values from sensors within the engine bay, interpreting the data using multidimensional performance maps (called lookup tables) and adjusts the engine actuators accordingly. It is also called the brain of an automobile. It controls every system to provide optimum engine performance
CONTROL OF IGNITION TIMING
A spark ignition engine requires a spark to initiate combustion in the combustion chamber. An ECU can adjust the exact timing of the spark to provide better power and economy. If the ECU detects knock, a condition which is potentially destructive to engines and determines it to be the result of the ignition timing occurring too early in the compression stroke, it will delay (retard) the timing of the spark to prevent this.
ELECTRONIC VALVE CONTROL
Engines have been made and tested that have no camshaft, but have full electronic control of the intake and exhaust valve opening, valve closing and area of the valve opening. Such engines can be started and run without a starter motor for certain multi-cylinder engines equipped with precision timed electronic ignition and fuel injection. The elimination of cams, lifters, rockers and timing set not only reduces weight and bulk, but also friction. A significant portion of the power that an engine actually produces is used up just driving the valve train, compressing all those valve springs thousands of times a minute.
THROTTLE POSITION SENSOR
This sensor is usually located on the butterfly valve throttle spindle so that it can directly monitor the position of the throttle. . More advanced forms of the sensor are also used, for example an extra closed throttle position sensor (CTPS) may be employed to indicate that the throttle is completely closed.
AIR–FUEL RATIO METER
An air–fuel ratio meter monitors the air–fuel ratio of an internal combustion engine. It is also called as air–fuel ratio gauge, air–fuel meter, or air–fuel gauge. It reads the voltage output of an oxygen sensor, sometimes also called lambda sensor, whether it be from a narrow band or wide band oxygen sensor.
VOLTAGE REGULATOR
Voltage Regulators are power converters that provide voltage control capabilities. They accept a voltage that varies over a given range and generate an output voltage that does not vary. Too much or too little voltage can damage the battery, as well as other electrical components. To ensure the correct amount, a voltage regulator determines when and how much voltage is needed in the battery.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Regulators are inexpensive and relatively easy to find. Replacement is always a good idea. They are mechanical, voltage regulators are easy to troubleshoot. If we study the function of each of the three parts and how they interrelate, it becomes obvious which part is malfunctioning, depending upon symptoms.
The disadvantage is that the point gaps and spring pressures determine the voltage/current limits and they are exceedingly hard to adjust. Sometimes it can be done on the car using a voltmeter, but generally it is best to replace the entire regulator assembly when a certain part of it fails. Factory assembly of regulators required relatively sophisticated measurement instruments.
CONCLUSIONS
This internship is totally involved the study of whole components of cars, specially engine and ECU. It is very important to get thorough knowledge of each part of automobiles, their working, positions, timing and control, how these components of engine and ECU helps for transmission to occur and how various sensors helps to the engine working, how these signal sends to ECU and return to actuator, relay and solenoids.