19-11-2012, 10:42 AM
Energy Efficient Lighting Systems
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Introduction
India is facing significant growth in electricity demand and could benefit greatly by using energy efficient lighting systems. The need of the hour for the country is secured, affordable and environmentally sustainable energy to meet the ambitious National Programme of “Power to all by 2012”.
Lighting is the most visible form of electricity consumption and lighting load in our country is very high about 17-18% of total load. By increasing the efficiency of lighting system, there can be significant energy saving and reduction in peak load. There is a scope for reducing about 30 to 35 % of the morning and evening peak demand.
Scheme for Promoting Energy Efficiency in India : Bachat Lamp Yojana
The 'Bachat Lamp Yojana' aims at the large scale replacement of incandescent bulbs in households by CFLs. It seeks to provide CFLs to households at the price similar to that of incandescent bulbs and plans to utilize the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol to recover the cost differential between the market price of the CFLs and the price at which they are sold to households.
The Bachat Lamp Yojana is designed as a public-private partnership between the Government of India, private sector CFL suppliers and State level Electricity Distribution Companies (DISCOMs). The CFL suppliers would sell high quality CFLs to households at a price of Rs. 15 per CFL within a designated project area in a DISCOM region of operation. The CFL supplier will be chosen by the DISCOM through a due diligence process from a list of CFL suppliers empanelled by BEE. Under the scheme, 40 watt, 60 Watt and 100 Watt incandescent lamps will be replaced with 9-11 Watt, 13-15 Watt and 20-23 Watt CFLs respectively.
Best Practices in Lighting Systems
Installation of energy efficient fluorescent lamps (T-5) in place of conventional fluorescent lamps(T-12).
Installation of Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs) in place of incandescent lamps.
Installation of LED panel indicator lamps in place of filament lamps.
Installation of high frequency (HF) electronic ballasts in place of conventional magnetic ballasts.
Use of high efficacy light sources for reducing the energy consumption for lighting .
Solar Lighting Systems are providing to be a viable option in rural India because it involves no moving parts, low maintenance, and are simple to operate.
Solar Lighting Systems
The Solar Lighting Systems are available in the basic categories which are as follows:
(A) Solar lanterns (B) Solar street lighting systems © Solar home lighting systems
The solar lanterns are portable units which can be easily moved to any place where lighting is necessary. The lanterns are available with a 10 or 12 Wp photovoltaic module and a 7 W CFL. It can be used for 3 to 4 hours per day after charging it for a day under normal insolation of 2-3 kWh/day.
The solar street lighting systems are available with a 70 Ah Battery. It has an automatic dusk to dawn Controller, with at least 3 days of back up power in case of low insolation regime.
The solar home lighting systems are available with basic configuration of either 2 × 9 W CFLs or 2 × 11 W CFLs, with a 40 Ah Battery capable of operating for three to four hours per day. A small DC Fan of 20 W capacity can also be opted for.
Do CFLs contain mercury?
CFLs contain a very small amount of mercury sealed within the glass tubing - an average of 4 milligrams .By comparison the older thermometers contain about 500 milligram of mercury – an amount equal to mercury in 125 CFLs .
Mercury is an essential part of CFLs; it allows the bulb to be essential part of light source.
No mercury is released when bulbs are intact or in use .Most makers of light bulb have reduced mercury in their fluorescent lighting products.
Thanks to technology advances the average mercury content in CFLs has dropped at least 20 % in the past year. Some manufacturers have even made further reductions, dropping mercury content to 1.4-2.5milligrams per light bulb.
What is LED?
LED is a light emitting semiconductor diode that emits light in forward direction or in the direction it is pointed towards.
LEDs are most often used in the form of an indicator light in electronic devices, traffic signal lights, musical instruments and dashboards in cars and in houses, etc.
The color of the light produced by LED depends on the composition of the semiconductor material used out of which producing a blue color light is the most difficult process.
The nature of the light emitted can be visible, infrared or ultraviolet.
Lifespan of a LED light bulb
Most modern LEDs are undergo superior design and manufacturing process that gives them a lifespan of up-to 1,00,000 hours, compared with 10,000 for a compact fluorescent and 1,000 for an incandescent bulb.
Lifespan of a LED bulb could come down due to the amount of heat a LED produces. This directly depends on die temperature and ambient temperature of the LED.
Some LED light bulbs show sign of age after a couple of years of use and may produce only 50% of the light output when compared to what it used to produce when it was new. However new technologies are in process to enhance its performance over its life span.