18-06-2014, 10:16 AM
Future Scope
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Abstract
Man in his lifetime, uses energy in one form or the other. In fact whatever happens in nature, results, out of the conversion of energy in one form or the other? The blowing of the wind, the formation of the clouds and the flow of water are a few examples that stand testimony to this fact. The extensive usage of energy has resulted in an energy crisis, and there is a need to develop methods of optimal utilization, which will not only ease the crisis but also preserve the environment.
Energy conservation is the cheapest new source of energy. This paper attempts to show how energy can be tapped and used at a commonly used system, the road power generation. Road Power Generation (RPG) is one of the most recent power generation concepts. This device converts the kinetic energy of the vehicles into electric energy by installing moving plate on the road, it takes the stroke motion of the vehicles and converts it to therotary motion by crank mechanism and it generates the electricity.
This paper also explains clearly, the working principle of the designed system, its practical implementation, and its advantages
Introduction
The automotive industry in India is one of the largest in the world and one of the fastest growing globally. India's passenger car and commercial vehicle manufacturing industry is the seventh largest in the world, with an annual production of more than 3.7 million units in2010[1].We every day mesh up with these vehicles give us headache. But this mesh up could be answer of new type power generation.
Road Power Generation (RGP) is one of the most recent power generation concepts. This device is engineered as a practical and useful alternative energy technology for generating clean electricity from the millions of vehicles on our roadways [2]. Once fully optimized and installed, engineers anticipate that devices may be used to augment or replace conventional electrical supplies for powering roadway signs, street and building lights, storage systems for back-up and emergency power, and other electronics appliances, and even devices used in homes and businesses.
Electricity supply in India has been lagging in terms of service (measured by hours of supply) as well as penetration. Only 31% of the rural households have access to electricity, and the supply suffers from frequent power cuts and high fluctuations in voltageand frequency, with so-called blackouts and brownouts [1, 2].
Literature Review
Energy is a vital commodity and is closely intertwined with climate change and development. Energy is needed for basic human needs: for cooking, heating, lighting, boiling water and for other household-based activities. Energy is also required to sustain and expand economic processes like agriculture, electricity production, industries, services and transport. It is commonly suggested that access to energy is closely linked with development and economicwell-being (e.g. DFID, 2002; IEA, 2002; WEC, 2000; WEC, 2001; WHO, 2006) and that alleviating energy poverty is a prerequisite to fulfill the Millennium Development Goals (DFID, 2002; WHO, 2006).
Fossil energy resources are limited and fossil energy use is associated with a number of negative environmental effects, therefore energy has become a major geo-political and socio-economic issue. This development puts pressure on all countries around the world. The pressure on developing countries may be even greater, because they are currently in the process of development which requires higher energy resources for achieving higher living standards. High population levels and high fossil fuel reliance increase this pressure even more. To meet energy security, reduce pressure on fossil energy resources and to ensure a higher environmental quality, the share of low-polluting renewable and clean energy should be enhanced.
Scope
The utilization of energy is an indication of the growth of a nation. For example, the per capita energy consumption in USA is 9000 KWh per year, whereas the consumption in India is 1200 KWh. One might conclude that to be materially rich and prosperous,a human being needs to consume more and more energy [4]. A survey on the energy consumption in India had published a pathetic report that 85,000 villages in India do not still have electricity. Supply of power in most part of the country is poor. Hence more research and development and commercialization of technologies are needed inthis field. India, unlike the top developed countries has very poor roads. Talking about a particular road itself includes a number of speed breakers. By just placing a unit like the “Power Generation Unit from Speed Breakers”, so much of energy can be tapped. This energy can be used for the lights on the either sides of the roads and thus
Vehicle Traffic Charecterstics in India
The revolution in the automobile industry and liberalised economy has led to tremendous increase in the vehicle ownership lev els. This has resulted in changing traffic characteristics on road network. In this paper an attempt has been made to analyse the changing traffic composition trends, speed characteristics and travel patterns by taking few case studies. Further, the impact of changing traffic composition trends and emerging issues thereof are discussed.
Comparatively urbanization is moderate in India. The urban population has grown from ten percent in 1901 to twenty eight percent in 2001. The skewed distribution of the urban population amongst a few cities is a matter of concern to the planners and administrators of urban infrastructure. Nearly seventy percent of the urban population is located in Class- I cities (population of one hundred thousand and more). Further 38 percent of the total urban population is located in metropolitan cities (population of one million and more) numbering about thirty - five. This heavy concentration
The Setup and Working Principle
Road power generation (RPG) is a system design to capture waste and kinetic energy from all vehicles. This device converts the kinetic energy of the vehicles into electric energy. This is done by moving plate installed on the road, this plate captured very small movement from the road surfaces and it transferred to a keyway flywheel system. From hundreds of wheel lies a single flywheel having used to driving machinery. The RPG included the method of driving one flywheel to another, once it reached predetermining velocity. The RPG flywheel system has been developed to achieve largeamount of moment of inertia in relatively small space. The captured energy is converted into electricity whichis fed into power grid. With the following block diagram we can easily understand the overall working of the automatic street light.
Crank mechanism
Crank mechanism
A crank is an arm attached at right angles to a rotating shaft by which reciprocating motion is imparted to or received from the shaft. It is used to convert circular motion into reciprocating motion, or vice-versa. The arm may be a bent portion of the shaft, or a separate arm attached to it. Attached to the end of the crank by a pivot is a rod, usually called a connecting rod. The end of the rod attached to the crank moves in a circular motion, while the other end is usually constrained to move in a linear sliding motion.
Conclusion
Road Power Generation is new type of unconventional source of energy. This is a type of vibration harvesting. This used waste energy of vehicles and converts kinetic energy to electric energy. RPG possible answer for battery charging station and it may be possible the electric vehicle can be recharge with green power and power coming from electric vehicles earned wasted kinetic energy. The higher frequency of passing vehicles provides higher capacity of electricity generated by road power generation.
The electricity generated using the setup is observed that on moving a vehicle over the speed breaker, speeds varying from 10-15 km/hr, And in this region 6-8 volts is being produced. Speed Vs energy plot shows that energy produced is directly proportional to speed but there will be a limit of Mechanical Instruments.The efficiency of air set ups is about 0.4 to 0.5%, which seems a very small value but if we see it in terms of numbers of vehicles passed per unit time, there will be huge amount of energy saved.
Future Scope
This is a very promising idea that if implemented properly can result in huge savings for energy and potential to supply power to national grid if it is optimized to perfection.
With the number of Vehicles on the roads of India increasing daily, this provides a great source of potential alternate energy to generate power