23-04-2014, 12:39 PM
ANALYSIS OF PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS WITH CLOSED LOOP BOOST CONVERTER
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ABSTRACT
The Conventional sources of energy are rapidly depleting and cost of power has been escalating day by day. Thus
an alternative renewable source of energy has become a vital necessity. Photovoltaic system is one of the most
promising renewable sources of energy. Its ability to produce power by directly converting solar energy has led
to tremendous surge in its demand. The output power generated by it is very less but can be increased by
interfacing it with boost converter. Therefore we have proposed a model of Photovoltaic array interfaced with
closed loop dc-dc boost converter which considerably steps up the output voltage which could meet the demand
of power. In this paper the various characteristics of PV cells and design parameters of boost converter have been
discussed in detail. The results and graphs of simulink and hardware model have been compared and discussed.
INTRODUCTION
Global warming and rise in prices of the conventional energy source (non-renewable source) has
become a concerned issue. Conventional energy sources such as coal, natural gases and oil are the major
energy sources but these are non-renewable energy sources therefore these sources of energy are
decreasing day by day and are not able to meet the increasing demand of energy. These conventional
sources of energy have led to serious environmental issues like greenhouse effect, air pollution, water
pollution etc. which has led to global warming. Hence there has been a major increase in demand for
renewable sources of energy.
Renewable energy sources also called non-conventional energy are sources that are continuously
replenished by natural processes. For example, solar energy, wind energy,
bio-energy - bio-fuels
grown sustainably), hydropower etc., are some of the examples of renewable energy sources. Most of
the renewable energy comes either directly or indirectly from sun and wind and can never be exhausted,
and therefore they are called renewable [12]. Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity.
Photovoltaic (PV) energy appears quite attractive for electricity generation because of its noiseless,
pollution-free, scale flexibility, and little maintenance [18]. The major advantage of these systems is
that they can be simply adopted in existing buildings and can be installed anywhere [19]. Sunlight can
be converted directly into electricity using photovoltaic’s (PV), or indirectly with concentrated solar
power (CSP).Earth receives 174 petawatts (PW) of incoming solar radiation at the upper atmosphere.
Approximately 30% is reflected back to space and only 89 pw is absorbed by oceans and land masses.
The spectrum of solar light at the Earth's surface is generally spread across the visible and near-infrared
reason with a small part in the near-ultraviolet. The total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere,
oceans and land masses is approximately 3,850,000 EJ per year [13].
CONCLUSION
In this paper we have proposed a system which overcomes the disadvantage of PV cells of low voltage
production. In the proposed system we have interfaced PV cell with closed loop boost converter such
that the output voltage produced by PV cell is fed as input voltage to closed loop boost converter which
steps up the given input voltage to a considerably high output voltage to meet the voltage requirement
of load. Theoretically values match with the output values of the simulink model. The distortions
observed in the graphs obtained from practical model is caused due to harmonics and noise which could
be overcome by use of various filtering techniques. Thus the proposed system can help PV system to
produce high voltage to meet the needs of load overcoming its disadvantage of low voltage production.
The PI, PV, VI curves obtained from the execution of matlab codes based on photovoltaic array and
simulation of PV array in simulink platform explains its dependence on the irradiation levels and
temperatures and other parameters.