12-03-2011, 01:00 PM
Green Engine seminar report.DOC (Size: 103 KB / Downloads: 181)
1. GLOBAL ISSUES
Everyday radios, newspapers, televisions and the internet warn us of energy exhaustion, atmospheric pollution and hostile climatic conditions. After few hundred years of industrial development, we are facing these global problems while at the same time we maintain a high standard of living. The most important problem we are faced with is whether we should continue “developing” or “die”.
Coal, petroleum, natural gas, water and nuclear energy are the five main energy sources that have played important roles and have been widely used by human beings.
The United Nations Energy Organization names all of them “elementary energies”, as well as “conventional energies”. Electricity is merely a “second energy” derived from these sources. At present, the energy consumed all over the world almost completely relies on the supply of the five main energy sources. The consumption of petroleum constitutes approximately 60 percent of energy used from all sources, so it is the major consumer of energy.
Statistics show that, the daily consumption of petroleum all over the world today is 40 million barrels, of which about 50 percent is for automobile use. That is to say, auto petroleum constitutes about 35 percent of the whole petroleum consumption. In accordance with this calculation, daily consumption of petroleum by automobiles all over the world is over two million tones. At the same time as these fuels are burnt, poisonous materials such as 500 million tons of carbon monoxides (CO), 100 million tones of hydrocarbons (HC), 550 million tons of carbon ©, 50 million tones of nitrogen oxides (NOx) are emitted into the atmosphere every year, severely polluting the atmosphere. At the same time large quantities of carbon dioxide (CO2) gases, resulting from burning, have also taken the major responsibility for the “green house effect”. Atmospheric scientists now believe that carbon dioxide is responsible for about half the total “green house effect”. Therefore, automobiles have to be deemed as the major energy consumer and atmosphere’s contaminator. Also, this situation is fast growing with more than 50 million vehicles to be produced annually all over the world and place into the market. However, at is estimate that petroleum reserve in the globe will last for only 38 years . The situation is really very grim.
Addressing such problems is what a Green engine does or tries to do. The Green engine as it is named for the time being, is a six phase engine, which has a very low exhaust emission, higher efficiency, low vibrations etc. Apart from these features, is its uniqueness to adapt to any fuel which is also well burnt. Needless to say, if implemented will serve the purpose to a large extent.
2. TECHNICAL FEATURES
Compared to conventional piston engines, operated on four phases, the Green engine is an actual six phase internal combustion engine with much higher expansion ratio. Thus it has six independent or separate working processes: intake, compression, mixing, combustion, power and exhaust, resulting in the high air charge rate. Satisfactory air-fuel mixing, complete burning, high combustion efficiency and full expansion. The most important characteristic is the expansion ratio being much bigger than the compression ratio. Also, the other main features are the revolutionary innovations of the sequential variable compression ratio, constant volume combustion and self-adapting sealing system. Therefore, an engine having extremely high thermal efficiency, near-zero emissions, quietness, light and small, lower cost with capability of burning of various fuels has come into being.
Direct Air Intake
Direct air intake means that there is no air inlet pipe, throttle and inlet valves on the air intake system. Air filter is directly connected to the intake port of the engine, and together with the less heating effect of air intake process, benefited from lower temperature of independent intake chamber, a highest volumetric efficiency which makes engine produce a high torque of output on all speed range is achieved . The pump loss which consumes the part of engine power is eliminated .Also fuel measuring facilities are built-in,and parts are saved.
2.2 Strong Swirling
As a tangential air duct in between combustion chamber and compression chamber, a very swirling which could lost until gas port is opened, can be formed while air is pumped into the combustion chamber. Consequently, the air-fuel mixing and the combustion process can have a satisfying working condition.
2.3 Sequential Variable Compression Ratio
This greatly revolutionary innovation can provide the most suitable compression ratio for the engine whatever operation mode it works on with burning variety of fuels. Therefore, an excellent combustion performance is attained.
2.4 Direct Fuel Injection
Direct fuel injection can provide higher output and torque, while at the same time it also enhances the response for acceleration.
2.5 Super Air-Fuel Mixing
Since the independent air-fuel mixing phase is having enough time for mixing air and fuel under strong swirling and hot situation, the engine is capable to burn any liquid or gas fuels without modifications. An ideal air-fuel mixture could delete CO emission. Also centrifugal effect coming from both strong swirling and rotation of the burner makes the air-fuel mixture more dense near the spark plug. It benefits to cold starting and managing lean-burning.
2.6 Lowest Surface to Volume Ratio
The shape of combustion chamber herein can be designed as global as possible. Thus, a lowest surface to is obtained, and the engine is having less heat losses and high combustion efficiency.
2.7 Controllable Combustion Time
Due to the independent combustion phase, compared to the conventional engine whose performances lack of efficient combustion time, resulting in heavy CO emission and low fuel usage rate, the Green engine has a sufficient controllable combustion time to match any fuels.
2.8 Constant Volume Combustion
The fuels can generate more energy while the combustion occurs on the constant volume. Also, the constant volume combustion technology can allow the engine to have a stable combustion when the lean burning is managed. Moreover, more water can be added in to make the much higher working pressure and drop down the combustion temperature, so power is added; heat losses and NOx emissions are decreased.
2.9 Multi-Power Pulses
The green engine operates on multi-power pulses with a small volume of working chamber contrasted to the conventional engine dose on the single power pulse with a large working chamber. Obviously, a small volume of chamber only needs little space, resulting in compact structure and limited size. Also, a small amount of air-fuel mixtures being ignited on each power pulse can greatly cut down explosion noise.
2.10 High Working Temperature
Because the burner, which is made of high heat resistance and low expansion rate material, such as ceramic, operates without cooling, a relatively high working temperature can eliminate the quenching zone which is the main source of emission and can greatly reduce the heat losses in the combustion chamber.
2.11 High Expansion Ratio
High expansion ratio can make the burnt gases to release much more power. In other words, the waste gases while they run out of the engine are only bringing much less energy with them. Therefore, the engine’s thermal efficiency is greatly raised, and at the same time, the noise and temperature of the exhaust are tremendously dropped.