29-03-2014, 11:42 AM
INDUSTRIES IN INDIA
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AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY
Indian automobile industry mainly focuses on servicing, dealership, financing and maintenance of vehicles. The Indian Automobile industry includes two-wheelers, trucks, cars, buses and three-wheelers which play a crucial role in growth of the Indian economy. The automotive industry in India is one of the larger markets in the world and had previously been one of the fastest growing globally, but is now seeing flat or negative growth rates. India's passenger car and commercial vehicle manufacturing industry is the sixth largest in the world, with an annual production of more than 3.9 million units in 2011. According to recent reports, India overtook Brazil and became the sixth largest passenger vehicle producer in the world (beating such old and new auto makers as Belgium, United Kingdom, Italy, Canada, Mexico, Russia, Spain, France, Brazil), grew 16 to 18 per cent to sell around three million units in the course of 2011-12. In 2009, India emerged as Asia's fourth largest exporter of passenger cars, behind Japan, South Korea, and Thailand. In 2010, India beat Thailand to become Asia's third largest exporter of passenger cars.
Textile Industry
Indian Textile Industry occupies a unique place in our country. It is among one of the industries which were earliest to come into existence in India. The Textile industry in India traditionally, after agriculture, is the only industry that has generated huge employment for both skilled and unskilled labor in textiles. The textile industry continues to be the second largest employment generating sector in India. It offers direct employment to over 35 million in the country. The share of textiles in total exports was 11.04% during April–July 2010, as per the Ministry of Textiles. During 2009-2010, Indian textiles industry was pegged at US$55 billion, 64% of which services domestic demand
Tea Industry
Indian Tea Industry is about 172 years old. The industry occupies an important place and plays a very useful part in the national economy. Tea has been historically promoted for having a variety of positive health benefits. Recent human studies suggest that green tea may help reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and some forms of cancer, promote oral health, reduce blood pressure, help with weight control, improve antibacterial and antivirasic activity, provide protection from solar ultraviolet light, increase bone mineral density, and have "anti-fibrotic properties, and neuroprotective power. Additional research is needed to "fully understand its contributions to human health, and advise its regular consumption in Western diets.Tea catechins have known anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities, help to regulate food intake, and have an affinity for cannabinoid receptors, which may suppress pain and nausea, and provide calming effects.Consumption of green tea is associated with a lower risk of diseases that cause functional disability, such as “stroke, cognitive impairment, and osteoporosis” in the elderly.
IT Industry
Indian Information Technology industry is one of the fastest growing industries in the country. The IT industry has built very valuable brand equity for itself in the global markets. The IT & IT’s sector includes IT services, engineering design and R&D services, ITES (IT-enabled services) or BPO and hardware. Today IT and ITeS sectors lead the economic growth in terms of employment, export promotion, revenue generation and standards of living. As per NASSCOM estimates, IT/ITeS sector (excluding hardware) revenues are estimated at USD 87.6 billion in FY 2011-12; and the industry is expected to grow by 19 per cent during FY 2012-13.The IT/ITeS sector has led to employment opportunities, both direct and indirect, of nearly 2.8 million and around 8.9 million respectively. This growth is expected to increase to more than 14 million (direct and indirect) by 2015 and to around 30 million by 2030.
Dairy Industry
India is the highest milk producer in the entire globe. India is well known as the ‘Oyster’ of the global dairy industry, with opportunities galore for the entrepreneurs globally. Milk producing animals have been domesticated for thousands of years. Initially, they were part of the subsistence farming that nomads engaged in. As the community moved about the country, their animals accompanied them. Protecting and feeding the animals were a big part of the symbiotic relationship between the animals and the herders In the more recent past, people in agricultural societies owned dairy animals that they milked for domestic and local (village) consumption, a typical example of a cottage industry. The animals might serve multiple purposes (for example, as a draught animal for pulling a plough as a youngster, and at the end of its useful life as meat). In this case the animals were normally milked by hand and the herd size was quite small, so that all of the animals could be milked in less than an hour—about 10 per milker. These tasks were performed by a dairymaid (dairywoman) or dairyman. The word dairy harkens back to Middle English dayerie, deyerie, from deye (female servant or dairymaid) and further back to Old English dæge (kneader of bread).
Agriculture Industry
Indian 'agro' or 'agriculture' marks the beginning of 'civilized' or 'sedentary' society. Climate change and increase in population in the country during the Holocene Era (10,000 BC onwards) led to the evolution of agriculture. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the development of civilization. The study of agriculture is known as agricultural science. The history of agriculture dates back thousands of years, and its development has been driven and defined by greatly different climates, cultures, and technologies. However, all farming generally relies on techniques to expand and maintain the lands that are suitable for raising domesticated species. For plants, this usually requires some form of irrigation, although there are methods of dryland farming; pastoral herding on rangeland is still the most common means of raising livestock. In the developed world, industrial agriculture based on large-scale monoculture has become the dominant system of modern farming, although there is growing support for sustainable agriculture (e.g. permaculture or organic agriculture).
Cotton Industry
The Indian Cotton Industry provides sustenance to million of farmers as also the workers involved right from processing to trading of cotton. The Indian textile industry is predominantly cotton based. Cotton is a natural fibre of vegetable origin, like linen, jute or hemp and composed of cellulose. Cotton is the fruit of cotton plant. The cotton is a variety of plants of the genus Gossypium, belonging to the Malvacae family.Out of about 50 species of cotton plants in the world, only four have been domestically cultivated for cotton fibres. Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense are the most commonly cultivated species of cotton in the world. Gossypium hirsutum variety is the most important agricultural cotton, accounting for more than 90% of world fibre production.
Sugar Industry
Sugar is made from sugarcane, was discovered thousands of years ago in New Guinea. And then the route was traced to India and Southeast Asia. It was India which began producing sugar following the process of pressing sugarcane to extract juice and boil it to get crystals.
It was in 1950-51 the government of India made serious industrial development plans and set the targets for production and consumption of sugar. Several steps are usually followed to produce sugar. These steps can be mentioned as below:
Extracting juice by pressing sugarcane
Boiling the juice to obtain crystals
Creating raw sugar by spinning crystals in extractors
Taking raw sugar to a refinery for the process of filtering and washing to discard remaining non-sugar elements and hue
Crystallizing and drying sugar
Packaging the ready sugar