15-01-2014, 12:56 PM
INTELLIGENT TRAIN ENGINE TO AVOID ACCIDENTS REPORT
INTELLIGENT TRAIN ENGINE .doc (Size: 1.89 MB / Downloads: 93)
INTRODUCTION
Railway is a convenient and efficient public transportation system. However, a great loss of lives can be occurred by careless about safety. Recently, there are happened frequently such safety accidents as fall between a platform and a train, getting stuck between the doors, fallen passenger from the boarding platform and disastrous fire etc.
Nowadays public is facing many threats from the railway department by which they are hesitating to plan a train journey. The main reason for this is due to the accidents that occur due to negligence of train drivers. Though the railway department is trying to take actions to reduce such informal things but couldn’t see the face of success. To help out the department, we have designed our system.
This project is introduced to monitor the driver’s condition and also to control the gate when the train is about to cross the gate. The main functionality of this system is to monitor the driver’s action for sometime and if he fails to do any defined action within a specific period, the controller alerts the siren. If the driver did not switch off the buzzer and did not perform any task even after the activation of the buzzer, the controller immediately stops the train. Here the driver’s actions can be defined as blowing the horn or applying brake or accelerating the train etc. If the driver fails to do any of the above actions within the defined duration, the system gives a siren which the driver should switch off within the defined time, if failed the train will stop immediately.
OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT:
The project aims at monitoring the movements of the driver so as to avoid the accidents upto maximum extent using RF technology. The receiver section continuously checks for the signal coming from the train and if the train approaches the gate, the gate will be closed immediately so as to avoid any accidents at the gate. The project uses the RF technology and Embedded Systems to design this application. The main objective of this project is to design a system that can continuously monitor the actions of the driver with the help of RF technology.
This project is a device that collects data from various parameters like brake, horn etc and codes the data into a format that can be understood by the controlling section. If the driver fails to perform any action within a predefined time interval, the system immediately stops the train.
BACKROUND OF THE PROJECT:
The software application and the hardware implementation allow the RF receiver receive the transmitted signal from the RF transmitter, fixed in the train, to close the gate when the train approaches the gate. The transmitter circuit continuously monitors the driver’s action and performs the specified task without any delay. The performance of the design is maintained by controlling unit.
The Controlling unit at the transmitter section has an application program to continuously monitor the switches at the transmitter side and stop the train immediately if the driver does not operate any of the switches within the predefined time.
RF TECHNOLOGY:
RF refers to radio frequency, the mode of communication for wireless technologies of all kinds, including cordless phones, radar, ham radio, GPS and radio and television broadcasts. RF technology is so much a part of our lives we scarcely notice it for its ubiquity. From baby monitors to cell phones, Bluetooth to remote control toys, RF waves are all around us. RF waves are electromagnetic waves which propagate at the speed of light, or 186,000 miles per second (300,000 km/s). The frequencies of RF waves, however, are slower than those of visible light, making RF waves invisible to the human eye.
The frequency of a wave is determined by its oscillations or cycles per second. One cycle is one hertz (Hz), 1,000 cycles is 1 kilohertz (KHz). A station on the AM dial at 980, for example, broadcasts using a signal that oscillates 980,000 times per second or has a frequency of 980 KHz. A station a little further down the dial at 710 broadcasts using a signal that oscillates 710,000 times a second, or has a frequency of 710 KHz. With a slice of the RF pie licensed to each broadcaster, the RF range can be neatly divided and utilized by multiple parties.
MICROCONTROLLER (AT89S52):
Microprocessors and microcontrollers are widely used in embedded systems products. Microcontroller is a programmable device. A microcontroller has a CPU in addition to a fixed amount of RAM, ROM, I/O ports and a timer embedded all on a single chip. The fixed amount of on-chip ROM, RAM and number of I/O ports in microcontrollers makes them ideal for many applications in which cost and space are critical.
The Intel 8051 is Harvard architecture, single chip microcontroller (µC) which was developed by Intel in 1980 for use in embedded systems. It was popular in the 1980s and early 1990s, but today it has largely been superseded by a vast range of enhanced devices with 8051-compatible processor cores that are manufactured by more than 20 independent manufacturers including Atmel, Infineon Technologies and Maxim Integrated Products.8051 is an 8-bit processor, meaning that the CPU can work on only 8 bits of data at a time. Data larger than 8 bits has to be broken into 8-bit pieces to be processed by the CPU. 8051 is available in different memory types such as UV-EPROM, Flash and NV-RAM.