05-05-2012, 12:14 PM
INVERTER
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INTRODUCTION
An inverter is an electrical device that converts direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC); the converted AC can be at any required voltage and frequency with the use of appropriate transformers, switching, and control circuits. Solid-state inverters have no moving parts and are used in a wide range of applications, from small switching power supplies in computers, to large electric utility high-voltage direct current applications that transport bulk power.
Inverters are commonly used to supply AC power from DC sources such as solar panels or batteries. There are two main types of inverter. The output of a modified sine wave inverter is similar to a square wave output except that the output goes to zero volts for a time before switching positive or negative. It is simple and low cost and is compatible.
Thus it is compatible with all AC electronic devices. The electrical inverter is a high-power electronic oscillator. It is so named because early mechanical AC to DC converters was made to work in reverse, and thus was "inverted", to convert DC to AC. The inverter performs the opposite function of a rectifier.
A transformer allows AC power to be converted to any desired voltage, but at the same frequency. Inverters, plus rectifiers for DC, can be designed to convert from any voltage, AC or DC, to any other voltage, also AC or DC, at any desired frequency.
The output power can never exceed the input power, but efficiencies can be high, with a small proportion of the power dissipated as waste heat.
WORKING
The circuit is simple low cost and can be even assembled on a breadboard. This is a circuit diagram of an inverter circuit. Circuit is very simple diagram, at this circuit using CD4047 IC & MOSFET IRF540 that functions to generate a wave 50Hz. This circuit uses 12V input (12V battery) to out 220V 50HZ.
For safety please note for the installation of cooling on the components and 2N3055 transistors TIP122, it serves to remove excess heat transistor.
CD 4047 is a low power CMOS astable/monostable multivibrator IC. Here it is wired as an astable multivibrator producing two pulse trains of 0.01s which are 180 degree out of phase at the pins 10 and 11 of the IC CD4047.
Pin 10 is connected to the gate of Q1 and pin 11 is connected to the gate of Q2. Resistors R3 and R4 prevents the loading of the IC by the respective MOSFETs.
When pin 10 is high Q1 conducts and current flows through the upper half of the transformer primary which accounts for the positive half of the output AC voltage.
When pin 11 is high Q2 conducts and current flows through the lower half of the transformer primary in opposite direction and it accounts for the negative half of the output AC voltage. At this circuit using CD4047 IC that functions to generate a wave 50Hz.
This circuit uses 12V input (12V battery) to out 220V 50HZ. For safety please note for the installation of cooling on the components and 2N3055 transistors TIP122, it serves to remove excess heat transistor.
CONCLUSION
• An inverter provides the controlled power. In most cases, the variable-frequency drive includes a rectifier so that DC power for the inverter can be provided from main AC power.
• A transformer allows AC power to be converted to any desired voltage, but at the same frequency. Inverters, plus rectifiers for DC, can be designed to convert from any voltage, AC or DC, to any other voltage, also AC or DC, at any desired frequency.
• The output power can never exceed the input power, but efficiencies can be high, with a small proportion of the power dissipated as waste heat.
• To construct inverters with higher power ratings, two six-step three-phase inverters can be connected in parallel for a higher current rating or in series for a higher voltage rating.
• The electrical inverter is a high-power electronic oscillator. It is so named because early mechanical AC to DC converters was made to work in reverse, and thus were "inverted", to convert DC to AC.
ABSTRACT
An inverter is an electrical device that converts direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC); the converted AC can be at any required voltage and frequency with the use of appropriate transformers, switching, and control circuits.
Solid-state inverters have no moving parts and are used in a wide range of applications, from small switching power supplies in computers, to large electric utility high-voltage direct current applications that transport bulk power.
Inverters are commonly used to supply AC power from DC sources such as solar panels or batteries.
The circuit is simple low cost and can be even assembled on a breadboard. This is a circuit diagram of an inverter circuit. Circuit is very simple diagram, at this circuit using CD4047 IC & MOSFET IRF540 that functions to generate a wave 50Hz
The electrical inverter is a high-power electronic oscillator. It is so named because early mechanical AC to DC converters was made to work in reverse, and thus were "inverted", to convert DC to AC.
An inverter converts the DC electricity from sources such as batteries, solar panels, or fuel cells to AC electricity. The electricity can be at any required voltage; in particular it can operate AC equipment designed for mains operation, or rectified to produce DC at any desired voltage.
APPLICATION & FUTURE USES
1. DC power source utilization:-
An inverter converts the DC electricity from sources such as batteries, solar panels, or fuel cells to AC electricity. The electricity can be at any required voltage; in particular it can operate AC equipment designed for mains operation, or rectified to produce DC at any desired voltage.
2. Uninterruptible power supplies:-
An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) uses batteries and an inverter to supply AC power when main power is not available. When main power is restored, a rectifier supplies DC power to recharge the batteries.
3. HVDC power transmission:-
With HVDC power transmission, AC power is rectified and high voltage DC power is transmitted to another location. At the receiving location, an inverter in a static inverter plant converts the power back to AC.
4. The general case:-
A transformer allows AC power to be converted to any desired voltage, but at the same frequency. Inverters, plus rectifiers for DC, can be designed to convert from any voltage, AC or DC, to any other voltage, also AC or DC, at any desired frequency. The output power can never exceed the input power, but efficiencies can be high, with a small proportion of the power dissipated as waste heat.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I feel profound to present this project report as an image of dedicated and sincere efforts. It is almost a pleasure to bestow my earnest gratitude to all who generously helped by sharing their valuable experience & devoting time with me.
First & foremost I thanks & gratefulness to Mr. Pawan Jangid (Lecture,ECE,PIET) and Mr. (Lab Astt. In R&D lab, PIET) whose guidance, teachings and valuable suggestion provided me the timely valuable input which enhanced my knowledge.
Last but not the least I am thankful to all my friends who are in this project and I am also thankful to the almighty God for all their immense blessing & guidance during the course of the research & development of the project.
COMPONENT DESCRIPTION
1. IC CD 4047
The CD4047B is capable of operating in either the monostable or astable mode. It requires an external capacitor (between pins 1 and 3) and an external resistor
(between pins 2 and 3) to determine the output pulse width in the monostable mode, and the output frequency in the astable mode. Astable operation is enabled by a high level on the astable input or low level on the astable input. The output frequency (at 50% duty cycle) at Q and Q outputs is determined
by the timing components. A frequency twice that of Q is available at the Oscillator Output; a 50% duty cycle is not guaranteed. Monostable operation is obtained when the device is triggered by LOW-to-HIGH transition at + trigger input or HIGH-to-LOW transition at - trigger input. The device can be retriggered by applying a simultaneous LOW-to-HIGH transition to both the + trigger and retrigger inputs. A high level on Reset input resets the outputs Q to LOW, Q to HIGH.