24-03-2014, 09:24 AM
Intelligent Energy Saving System
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ABSTRACT
Intelligent Energy Saving System can be used in places like where lighting is very important. The libraries will be well illuminated with many lamps. When people are not present at a reading place the lighting can be made OFF and when they are present, the lighting made ON. All these can be done through by Dimming circuit and PIR sensor.
If a person entering to the monitored area, the PIR sensors activates and sense the person, gives to the micro controller. The Infrared energy emitted from the living body is focused by a Fresnel lens segment. Then only the PIR sensor activates. After sensing the person LDR checks the light intensity of the monitored area, whether it is bright or dark. Depending on the LDR output, the lamp may be ON / OFF by using Dimmer circuit.
INTRODUCTION
Intelligent Energy Saving System, the aim of the project is to save the energy. In this project we are using various sensors, controlling and display.
However, in this project work the basic signal processing of various parameters which are temperature, LDR, Smoke sensor. For measuring various parameters values, various sensors are used and the output of these sensors are converted to control the parameters. The control circuit is designed using micro-controller. The outputs of all the three parameters are fed to micro-controller. The output of the micro-controller is used to drive the LCD display, so that the value of each parameter can be displayed. In addition to the LCD display micro-controller outputs are also used to driver a relay independently. This relay energizes and de-energizes automatically according to the condition of the parameter.
OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT: -
The aim of the project is to save the energy or power, used in places like libraries where lighting is very important for the people who come to read books. So, the libraries will be well illuminated with many lamps.
At the same time when people are not present at a particular reading place the lighting can be made off by using Dimmer and when people come to that area, according to the LDR lighting can be made sufficiently brighter.
By using this system, we can also adjust the speed of the Fan according to the room temperature using Thermostat and Dimmer.
PIR SENSOR: -
A PIR detector is a motion detector that senses the heat emitted by a living body. These are often fitted to security lights so that they will switch on automatically if approached. They are very effective in enhancing home security systems.
The sensor is passive because, instead of emitting a beam of light or microwave energy that must be interrupted by a passing person in order to “sense” that person, the PIR is simply sensitive to the infrared energy emitted by every living thing. When an intruder walks into the detector’s field of vision, the detector “sees” a sharp increase in infrared energy.
LDR: -
LDR’s or Light Dependent Resistors are very useful especially in light/dark sensor circuits. These help in automatically switching ON /OFF the street lights and etc., normally the resistance of an LDR is very high, sometimes as very high as 1000000 ohms, but when they are illuminated with light, resistance drop dramatically. Electronic opto sensors are the devices that alter their electrical characteristics, in the presence of visible or invisible light. The best-known devices of these types are the light dependent resistor (LDR), the photo diode and the phototransistors.
LCD DISPLAY: -
A liquid crystal is a material (normally organic for LCD’s) that will flow like a liquid but whose molecular structure has some properties normally associated with solids. The Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) is a low power device. The power requirement is typically in the order of microwatts for the LCD. However, an LCD requires an external or internal light source. We are making use of LCD in our project to display the PIR mode and room temperature.
OPTOCOUPLER: -
Optocoupler is a device that uses a short optical transmission path to transfer a signal between elements of a circuit, typically a transmitter and a receiver, while keeping them electrically isolated. A common implementation involves a LED and a phototransistor, separated so that light may travel across a barrier but electrical current may not.
DIMMER: -
Dimmers are devices used to vary the brightness of a light. By decreasing or increasing the RMS voltage and hence the mean power to the lamp it is possible to vary the intensity of the light output. Although variable-voltage devices are used for various purposes, the term dimmer is generally reserved for those intended to control lighting.