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Maruti India Private Limited was founded in the year 2007. It is an automotive manufacturer based in Chakan, Pune. Maruti AG, Germany, is the parent company of Maruti India Private Limited and has invested over INR 4,000 crores for setting up a state-of-the-art manufacturing facility in Chakan.
Headquartered in Pune, Maharashtra, the Maruti Group in India is represented by five brands: MARUTI, Maruti, Audi, Porsche and Lamborghini. The Indian journey began with the launch of MARUTI in 2001. Audi and Maruti entered in 2007, while Lamborghini and Porsche were introduced in 2012.
The Maruti Group India is a part of Maruti AG, which is globally represented by 12 brands from 7 European countries. 11 automotive brands: Maruti Passenger Cars, Audi, Bentley, Bugatti, Lamborghini, Porsche, Scania, SEAT, MARUTI, Maruti Commercial Vehicles (Maruti
Nutzfahrzeuge) and MAN; and 1 motorcycle brand: Ducati. An impressive line-up that prides itself as much in its quality of engineering, as in its depth of innovation.
From low-consumption small cars to luxury class vehicles, each car is convincingly worthy of its place on the road. Even in the commercial vehicle sector - where products range from pick-ups to buses and heavy trucks - the Group's cars successfully partner businesses and are known to far exceed the industry standard. More than 500,000 employees are involved in vehicle-manufacturing services and their related processes. Together, they produce about 30,000 vehicles each working day.
At the backbone of all cars (and the many more exciting entrants in the pipeline) is Maruti's extensive dealer network. A workforce determined to provide the best quality services, scripting a long-term success story for the brand in India. The Maruti brand has set up 122 dealerships in 113 cities today spanning the entire country. They are not only laying the foundation for a substantial increase in sales, but also doing the groundwork for offering a first-class all-round service, taking customer satisfaction to the highest level.
CHAPTER-2ABOUT ENGINE
An engine or motor is a machine to convert energy into useful mechanical motion. Heat engines, including internal combustion engines and external combustion engines (such as steam engines) burn a fuel to create heat, which then creates motion.Electric motors convert electrical energy into mechanical motion.
The word "gin," as in "cotton gin", is short for "engine." The word derives from Old French engin, from the Latin ingenium, which is also the root of the wordingenious. Most mechanical devices invented during the industrial revolution were described as engines—the steam engine being a notable example.
In modern usage, the term engine typically describes devices, like steam engines and internal combustion engines, that burn or otherwise consume fuel to perform work by exerting a torque or linear force to drive machinery that generates electricity, pumps water, or compresses gas. In the context of propulsion systems, an air-breathing engine is one that uses atmospheric air to oxidise the fuel rather than supplying an independent oxidizer, as in a rocket.
When the internal combustion engine was invented, the term "motor" was initially used to distinguish it from the steam engine—which was in wide use at the time, powering locomotives and other vehicles such as steam rollers. "Motor" and "engine" later came to be used interchangeably in casual discourse. An engine is a device that burns or otherwise consumes fuel, changing its chemical composition, whereas a motor is a device driven by electricity, which does not change the chemical composition of its energy source.
Chapter – 3ENGINE COMPONENTS
The car's engine is not a singular unit but built up from several differently sized components that perform their intended functions. The present day automobile that derive their power from internal combustion engines operating on fossil fuels have the following principal parts:
The parts of an engine can be categorized into
a) Mechanical Components
b) Electrical Components
1. CYLINDER BLOCK :-
The engine cylinder is the part or space where fuel is admitted and reciprocating motion of the piston is obtained by burning it. The engine cylinder is characterized by its ‘bore’ and ‘stroke’. Bore represents its inner diameter and Stroke is the effective length along which the piston reciprocates i.e. the distance traveled by the piston. Two terms related to stroke are ‘Top Dead Center’ (TDC) and ‘Bottom Dead Center’ (BDC). Top Dead Center is the uppermost point of the stroke while the Bottom Dead Center is the lowermost point of the stroke. The velocities of the piston at TDC and BDC are zero.
The part of the engine where the cylinder is located is called the engine block or cylinder block. Cylinders are generally lined with liners or sleeves of some other harder material or coated with some wear resistant material like Nikasil. Liners can be easily replaced when worn out. Cylinder blocks are also provided with hollow spaces around and in between the individual cylinders that are known as jackets in case of liquid cooled engines. The coolant is circulated in these jackets which enables effective heat dissipation.
The engines are classified according to the dimensions of the cylinders and their orientation. The bore by stroke ratio classifies the engines as undersquare,oversquare or square accordingly as the ratio is less than one, greater than one or equal to one.
Materials used:
It is made of steel alloy/cast iron or aluminum by casting process. The reason for using aluminum is its light weight and good heat dissipation capacity.
2. PISTON :-
The piston is the cylindrical part which moves up and down in the cylinder and enables compression and expansion of the charge during the combustion cycle. The diameter of the piston is slightly less than the bore of the cylinder to avoid direct wear of the cylindrical piston surface. Three rings known as piston rings are fitted in the circular recesses machined on the piston surface. These rings are in direct contact with the cylinder liner thus preventing piston wear. The top two rings are known as compression rings. Compression rings are chamfered on the outer periphery. They prevent the fresh charge or waste gases inside the combustion chamber from going into the crankcase, a process known as ‘blow by’. The lowermost or third ring is called the oil ring. Its purpose is to ensure proper oil distribution along the cylinder walls and also prevent the leakage of oil into the combustion chamber.
3. CRANKSHAFT :-
Crankshaft is a part of the engine which has projections bent and offset from the shaft axis. These projections are called crank throws orcrankpins. This design converts the sliding motion obtained from the piston into rotary motion via a connecting rod. Crankshaft is placed below the cylinder block in a casing called the crankcase. In multi cylinder engines one crankpin per cylinder is provided to attach the piston by the connecting rod. The crankpin journal bearing is called the big end and has plain or sliding bearings. Crankshafts have some counter balance weights which are either bolted to the crank body or form an integral part and are called crank balance. Crank balance is provided to counter the torsional vibrations experienced by the crankshaft due to the reciprocating unbalance of the piston which arises due to the jerks from the combustion process. Crankshafts may be manufactured in parts or as a single piece. The single piece design is preferred as it gives superior strength, better fiber flow and good stress bearing capabilities.
Materials used:
Crankshafts are made from steel by roll forging process or from ductile steel through casting. The single piece crankshafts are made from carbon steels followed by heat treatment. Vanadium micro-alloyed steels are also used frequently because they give high strengths without heat treatment and the low alloy content makes them cheaper than the high alloy steels.
4. CONNECTING ROD :-
The connecting rod is the link connecting the piston to the crankshaft. It converts the linear motion of the piston into rotary motion of the crank. One end of the connecting rod is attached to the piston through a piston pin/gudgeon pin/wrist pin and is called the small end while the other end is attached to the crankpin journal through bolts holding the upper and lower bearing caps and is called the big end. The bearing is in the form of two half shells which is held in place around the crank journal by the big end of the connecting rod. Both the ends of the connecting rod are not rigidly fixed but are hinged so that they can rotate through an angle. Thus both its ends are in continuous motion and under tremendous stress from the pressure from the piston. The connecting rods are the most sensitive parts and are most prone to failure and hence they are manufactured with high degree of precision.