31-08-2012, 12:26 PM
POWER SAVING MECHANISM FOR STREET LIGHTS
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INTRODUCTION
This is a prototype system for converting vehicular movement into electricity while serving as a road hump at the same time. The linear motion of the vehicles is transformed by the device into rotational motion and finally converted into electric power. The system comprises a semi flexible cover strip lying across the path of vehicular traffic, covering the rest of the system, which is encapsulated within a housing embedded in the ground. The cover is connected to a generator via a wing or wings and a mechanism or mechanisms comprising the fly wheel, a rotor, a stator and a clutch. Passing vehicles pushes the cover strip down, causing the wings to depress, and a engaging a clutch that transfer a rotational motion of the rotor, eventually, the rotor drives an electromagnetic generator. The electromagnetic generator converts the rotational motion of the rotor into a electric power.
A system for converting kinetic energy of vehicles passing along a traffic lane into electricity, said system comprising a cover strip positioned across the traffic lane’s housing embedded into the ground under the traffic lane’s main rotation axis’s compression spring’s wing connected at the upper end to the cover strip and at the second end to main rotation axis, said wing attached to the compression spring wherein the wing rotates as a result of the pressure applied upon the strip and returns to its upper position as a result of the compression spring power; a generator coupled to the wing, wherein said generator is configured to convert the rotational movement into electricity; and wherein the system is integrated as a road hump such that in a relaxed phase the cover strip is protruding above the surface of the traffic lane necessitating a driver to slow down.
COMPONENT DESCRIPTION
SPRINGS
A spring is an elastic object used to store mechanical energy. Springs are usually made out of spring steel. Small springs can be wound from pre-hardened stock, while larger ones are made from annealed steel and hardened after fabrication. Some non-ferrous metals are also used including phosphor bronze and titanium for parts requiring corrosion resistance and beryllium copper for springs carrying electrical current (because of its low electrical resistance).
When a spring is compressed or stretched, the force it exerts is proportional to its change in length. The rate or spring constant of a spring is the change in the force it exerts, divided by the change in deflection of the spring. That is, it is the gradient of the force versus deflection curve. An extension or compression spring has units of force divided by distance, for example lbf/in or N/m. Torsion springs have units of force multiplied by distance divided by angle, such as N•m/rad or ft•lbf/degree. The inverse of spring rate is compliance, that is: if a spring has a rate of 10 N/mm, it has a compliance of 0.1 mm/N. The stiffness (or rate) of springs in parallel is additive, as is the compliance of springs in series.
SPUR GEAR:
It is a positive power transmission device with definite velocity ratio. In volute teeth profile is preferred for adjusting some linear misalignment. It should have high wear and tear, shock-absorbing capacity. The spur gear is simplest type of gear manufactured and is generally used for transmission of rotary motion between parallel shafts. The spur gear is the first choice option for gears except when high speeds, loads, and ratios direct towards other options. Other gear types may also be preferred to provide more silent low-vibration operation. A single spur gear is generally selected to have a ratio range of between 1:1 and 1:6 with a pitch line velocity up to 25 m/s. The spur gear has an operating efficiency of 98-99%.
STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER:
Step down transformers are designed to reduce electrical voltage. Their primary voltage is greater than their secondary voltage. This kind of transformer "steps down" the voltage applied to it. For instance, a step down transformer is needed to use an 110v product in a country with a 220v supply.
Step down transformers convert electrical voltage from one level or phase configuration usually down to a lower level. They can include features for electrical isolation, power distribution, and control and instrumentation applications. Step down transformers typically rely on the principle of magnetic induction between coils to convert voltage and/or current levels.
Step down transformers are made from two or more coils of insulated wire wound around a core made of iron. When voltage is applied to one coil (frequently called the primary or input) it magnetizes the iron core, which induces a voltage in the other coil, (frequently called the secondary or output). The turn’s ratio of the two sets of windings determines the amount of voltage transformation.
LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTORS:
Light dependent resistor is a resistor whose resistance decreases with increasing incident light intensity; in other words, it exhibits photoconductivity. It can also be referred to as a photoconductor or CdS device, from "cadmium sulphide," which is the material from which the device is made and that actually exhibits the variation in resistance with light level. Note that although CdS is a semiconductor, it is not doped silicon.
A light dependent resistors is made of a high resistance semiconductor. If light falling on the device is of high enough frequency, photons absorbed by the semiconductor give bound electrons enough energy to jump into the conduction band. The resulting free electron (and its hole partner) conduct electricity, thereby lowering resistance.
CONCLUSION
Energy is an important input to sustain industrial growth and standard of living of a country and can be directly related to per capita energy consumption. The conventional sources of energy like coal, oil, uranium etc are depleting very fast and by the turn of the century we will have to depend upon non conventional sources of energy for power generation.
The various types of non conventional sources of energy are solar energy, wind energy, biogas etc …now by developing power hump we can generate power without utilizing any external sources mentioned earlier.
If this power hump is placed in heavy traffic roads, the weight and kinetic energy of the vehicles can be used to produce mechanical power is once again converted into electrical energy.