17-05-2013, 01:06 PM
PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEM
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PRINCIPLES
The Internet is like many other technologies—it provides a wide range of services, some of which are effective and practical for use today, others are still evolving, and still others will fade away from lack of use
Briefly describe how the Internet works, including alternatives for connecting to it and the role of Internet service providers
Use and Functioning of the Internet
Internet: a collection of interconnected networks, all freely exchanging information
ARPANET
Ancestor of the Internet
A project started by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) in 1969
How the Internet Works
The Internet transmits data from one computer (called a host) to another
If the receiving computer is on a network to which the first computer is directly connected, it can send the message directly
If the receiving computer is not on a network to which the sending computer is connected, the sending computer relays the message to another computer that can forward it
Internet Service Providers
Internet service provider (ISP): any company that provides individuals or organizations with Internet access
Most charge a monthly fee
Many ISPs and online services offer broadband Internet access through digital subscriber lines (DSLs), cable, or satellite transmission
The World Wide Web
World Wide Web: AKA the Web, WWW, or W3
A menu-based system that uses the client/server model
Organizes Internet resources throughout the world into a series of menu pages, or screens, that appear on your computer
Hypermedia: tools that connect the data on Web pages, allowing users to access topics in whatever order they wish
Internet and Web Applications
E-mail and instant messaging
Instant messaging: a method that allows two or more individuals to communicate online using the Internet
Internet cell phones and handheld computers
Career information and job searching
Summary
The Internet is a collection of interconnected networks, all freely exchanging information
Internet Protocol (IP) is a communication standard that enables traffic to be routed from one network to another as needed
Internet data is passed in chunks called packets
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a widely used transport layer protocol that is used in combination with IP by most Internet applications