07-08-2012, 05:02 PM
PRODUCTION PROCESS/AUTOMATED MACHINE SYSTEMS
1PRODUCTION PROCESS.pptx (Size: 919.97 KB / Downloads: 27)
INTRODUCTION
Once products and services are designed, their specifications must be translated into specific processing systems which create the product or provide the service
*Decisions must be made about the kinds of machines to use to perform these operations.
Example:
In manufacturing a keyboard for a new microcomputer, it is necessary to determine what processing methods to use for making its component parts. Some may be stamped from sheet steel, others may be die-cast from aluminum or they can be plastic parts formed by plastic injection molding.
A process is a specific combination of machines, operators, work methods, materials, tools, and environmental factors that together convert inputs to outputs. Let us take Pizza Hut as an example.
1. A customer places an order.
2. The pizza is assembled.
3. The pizza is placed in an oven to bake.
4. The pizza is inspected for quality and order correctness.
5. The pizza is either boxed and delivered to the customer’s home or delivered to the customer’s table.
Process focus
This is devoted to making low-volume, high variety products in places called “job shops”. Consequently, they are also called intermittent processes.
Advantages:
Greater product flexibility
More general purpose equipment
Lower initial capital investment
Disadvantages:
High variable costs
More highly trained personnel
More difficult production planning & control
Low equipment utilization (5% to 25%)
Repetitive focus
This uses modules. Modules are parts or components previously prepared, often in a continuous process. The repetitive process is the classic assembly line. Widely used in the assembly of virtually all automobiles and household appliances, it has more structure and consequently less flexibility than a process focused facility.
More structured than process-focused, less structured than product focused
Enables quasi-customization
Using modules, it enjoys economic advantage of continuous process, and custom advantage of low-volume, high-variety model