05-03-2013, 12:40 PM
PROJECT REPORT ENERGY SAVER ELECTRICAL
ENERGY SAVER.pdf (Size: 63.05 KB / Downloads: 51)
Abstract
In India As well as in other countries there are huge energy crises. Therefore energy
saving is also equally important as the energy generation is. As the general observations
suggest there is huge scope in saving of electricity in lighting, As we uses many times high
illumination than our actual Requirement.
Therefore our project concept is to save the energy by providing the illumination as
per the requirement, Also we can save the large energy by automatic on and off control of
light.
Also in general it seen that the traffic on road get reduced after 12mid night so there
is no need of high illumination on roads, in our project we suggest the timer circuit using the
micro-controller and back to back SCR’S ( Firing circuit ) which reduces the intensity of light
at half. So there is 30-35% energy saving take place.
Introduction:-
Many Times it seen that that lights are on even in a day time therefore there is
wastage of light that means electrical energy. Energy at the same time at many places we use
very high illumination than our actual requirement.
Therefore we decided to do a project which will save the electricity by controlling the
illumination level according to the requirement. Therefore we decided to make light intensity
controller.
The basic concept of our project is to control the illumination of the light according to
the requirement here we use one LDR which sense the darkness of surrounding and therefore
it will switch ON the light at the night time, at the same time it is also seeing that at the night
time that traffic density on the road get reduce after 12 Mid night therefore there is no need of
high light intensity and here we save the energy by reducing the intensity of light at half.
This is achieved by controlling the firing angle of SCR’s. here IC555 acts as a timer(
Decision making ) and it will give a signal after a preset time to reduce the intensity of light.
Thus as all light are get switched ON automatically at night and reduce the intensity
of light after a particular time therefore we achieved huge energy saving. This energy saving
is approximately 32% - 35% of energy previous energy saving.
LDR Sensor:
Here we use LDR bridge when the light fall on the LDR its resistance decrease and
the change in the output voltage given to the comparator. When there is day light the
Resisteance of the LDR is less and the output generated by this is in one state and evening
time the light is less which in turns increased the resistance of the LDR and it goes in the
Second state. LDR is shown in Fig 3.4
Firing Circuit:
Firing circuit is basically design to operate the AC controller. This is synchrinosied
with AC mains. The main purpose of this circuit is to change the firing angle which is used to
drive the SCR’s. Due to change in the firing angle the intensity if the Light is controlled. IC
TCA785 is used as Phase angle control. The features of the ICs are
· Reliable recognition of zero passage
· Large application scope
· May be used as zero point switch
· LSL compatible
· Three-phase operation possible (3 ICs)
· Output current 250 mA
· Large ramp current range
· Wide temperature range
Power Supply
The LM78XX series of three terminal regulators is available with several fixed output
voltages making them useful in a wide range of applications. One of these is local on card
regulation, eliminating the distribution problems associated with single point regulation. The
voltages available allow these regulators to be used in logic systems, instrumentation, HiFi,
and other solid state electronic equipment. Although designed primarily as fixed voltage
regulators these devices can be used with external components to obtain adjustable voltages
and currents. The LM78XX series is available in an aluminum TO-3 package which will
allow over 1.0A load current if adequate heat sinking is provided. Current limiting is included
to limit the peak output current to a safe value. Safe area protection for the output transistor is
provided to limit internal power dissipation. If internal power dissipation becomes too high
for the heat sinking provided, the thermal shutdown circuit takes over preventing the IC from
overheating. Considerable effort was expanded to make the LM78XX series of regulators
easy to use and mininize the number of external components. It is not necessary to bypass the
output, although this does improve transient response. Input bypassing is needed only if the
regulator is located far from the filter capacitor of the power supply. For output voltage other
than 5V, 12V and 15V the LM117 series provides an output voltage range from 1.2V to 57V.
Conclusion
This project is going to save the energy by 33 % as the light intensity is changed
in the Midnight which reduces the power consumption. We are not using full intensity at mid
night when it is really not required and due to use of this project at all domestic purposes it
will save the energy.
Also as we are automatically controlling the ON/OFF Operation of light ,There
fore there is no Wastage of light.