23-06-2012, 12:37 PM
Personality Development
Personality Development.pptx (Size: 92.69 KB / Downloads: 87)
Definitions: J.P. Guilford (1959)
“An individual’s personality, then, is his unique pattern of traits.”
A trait is “any distinguishable, relatively enduring way in which one individual differs from others.”
Definitions: Mackinnon (1959)
Personality refers to “factors” inside people that explain their behavior
The sum total of typical ways of acting, thinking, and feeling that makes a person unique.
3 Facts to Consider When Defining “Personality”
Individuals are unique
Individuals behave differently in different situations
Although individuals are unique and behave inconsistently across situations, there is considerable commonality in human behavior
The basics
The big question is where to start outside in or inside out ?
Foundation
Positive thinking
Healthy and nourishing diet
Physical activity
Balance and harmony within
How does personality develop
Willing for change
Continuous learning
The company you keep
Taking up challenges
There is no failure
What happens to personality across development?
Are traits stable as we develop or do they change?
Is an issue of stability
Several ways that stability can be studied
Development of a Sense of Self
Sense of Self: Perceptions, beliefs, judgments, and feelings about who you are
Self-worth
Self-efficacy
Factors influencing the development of self views
Previous performance
Behaviors of others
Group memberships and achievements
Developmental Changes in Sense of Self
Childhood
Children focus on physical, concrete characteristics.
Early Adolescence
Children’s focus turns to more general traits, not as much emphasis on the physical.
Late Adolescence
Majority of older adolescents have positive self-concepts and overall mental health.
Establishing Identity
Identity
Who one is
Group memberships
Beliefs that guide life
Identity Crisis (Erik H. Erikson)
Inability to assemble an identity
Drifting
Possible serious psychological crisis
Concept further developed by Marcia
The Big Five
OCEAN:
Openness to Experience
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
The NEO PI-R (cont.)
Examples of Items:
Neuroticism - Frightening thoughts sometimes come into my head.
Extroversion - I don’t get much pleasure from chatting with people.
Openness - I have a very active imagination
Agreeableness - I believe that most people will take advantage of you if you let them.
Conscientiousness - I pay my promptly and in full.
Today
New tests have emerged but most tend to be variants of the original themes and theories of personality
Most excepted to use a theory and to test out items on a criterion as well as using statistics