25-08-2017, 09:32 PM
Project Planning and Engineering
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Project: A project is a temporary activity whose purpose is to create a product or service. Temporary projects have a defined beginning and end.
Projects usually involve a sequence of tasks with definite starting and ending points. These points are bounded by time, resources, and end results.
Generally, a project starts because of the following:
• Potential market opportunities, or
• Disposal (or conversion) of a process by-product is required, or
• Compliance with regulatory requirements is needed (e.g., reduced emissions), or
•Replacement of obsolete equipment is required to meet new plant needs.
Project Planning and Engineering
All projects require careful planning, particularly when control systems are complex and implemented with tight budgets and short schedules.
For all projects, documents are vital. Reference documents should show how, why, and when a decision was reached and by whom. This makes it easier for others to pick up later and provides all the reasons and history behind technical decisions.
Project personnel typically consist of a client, project manager, engineering personnel, equipment suppliers, and contractors.
The client’s work should be clearly defined through documents (e.g., specifications and drawings).
The project manager must coordinate the activities of the client, engineering personnel, suppliers, and contractors. Engineering personnel, suppliers, and contractors should conform to the client’s requirements (as identified in all the documents produced) and be in compliance with the required codes and standards.
Role of Instrumentation Engineers
On a typical multi-disciplinary project, process control/instrumentation engineers interface with many disciplines. At the onset of a project, most of the interface is with process engineering for the development of all the front-end engineering activities- development of P&IDs, control philosophies, and logic diagrams and with project management for budgeting and scheduling. Later on, when detailed engineering starts, process control/instrumentation engineers interface with all other disciplines, such as mechanical (e.g., for connecting and mounting the equipments), electrical (e.g., for wiring and conduit runs), and even civil (e.g., for control room requirements). It is strongly recommended that data transfer (e.g., obtaining process condition at instruments) and important communications be always done in writing.
The design documents produced by detailed engineering are vital in the procurement , construction, commissioning and maintenance of process instruments used in a facility.
The good planning and engineering (both front-end and detailed) are vital to a successful implementation of project.
Lifecycle or Work flow of Project
The lifecycle of a project goes through many stages. The importance of each stage and its duration will vary with the project. In most cases, a project’s lifecycle consists of the following processes:
• define the scope and activities,
• define the sequence of activities and their duration and then develop a schedule,
• allocate human resources, assign roles and responsibilities, and develop an
organizational chart,
• estimate project cost and obtain budgets,
• plan purchasing schedule to coincide with budget availability,
• develop team and supply training where required,
• start project and ensure proper coordination (this may involve compromises,
tradeoffs, and alternatives),
• complete project, and
• close project (resolve open items, project evaluation, and identify lessons learned
for future projects).