03-11-2012, 04:10 PM
Project Report on POWER SAVING SYSTEM USING VISITOR COUNTER
POWER SAVING.docx (Size: 2.7 MB / Downloads: 40)
POWER SAVING SYSTEM.docx (Size: 188.61 KB / Downloads: 30)
INTRODUCTION:-
In today’s world, there is a continuous need for automatic appliances with the increase in standard of living, there is a sense of urgency for developing circuits that would ease the complexity of life.
Power saving is a very important issue in recent years.Power saving is a growing market and it grows in each sector of indoor or outdoor, factory or home. Everyone has their own responsibility to prevent the impact of global warming.
The objective of this project is to make a controller based model to count the number of persons Visitingin a particular room and accordingly light up the room. Here we can use sensor and can Knowthepresent number of persons in that particular room. This circuit proves to be helpful and the result of using this shows that the total power consumption can be reduced.
BACKGROUND OF THE PROBLEM:-
In the recent years, the energy crisis has become the one problem which the whole world mustconfront. Power consumption makes up the largest part of energy consumption in the world. In particular, the power consumption of lights in a typical home, offices, shops, malls, etc. is a factor which can’t beignored. The typical users need different light intensities in different places. Sometimes the lightintensity from outside is sufficient for the user, and thus we don’t need to turn on any light. But sometimes the user leaves but forgets to turn off the light. These factors cause energy waste. Therefore some power management of light control is necessary in order to save energy.
Lights are usually controlled by on/off switches. Of course, the user can switch a light on or off remotely by connecting a specific device to a PC, but there has to be at least a PC, consuming a rather large amount of power for the control mechanism. Moreover this inconvenient practice comes at a high cost for the user. So one must install specific hardware and software to control the lights, resulting in the lower cost as compared to the use of PC.
OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT WORK:-
This Project “Power saving system using Visitor Counter” is a reliable circuit that takes over the task of controlling the room lights as well us counting number of persons/ visitors in the roomvery accurately. When somebody enters into the room then the counter is incremented by one and the light in the room will be switched ON and when any one leaves the room then the counter is decremented by one. The light will be only switched OFF until all the persons in the room go out. The total number of persons inside the room is also displayed on the seven segmentdisplays.
The microcontroller does the above job. It receives the signals from the sensors, and this signal is operated under the control of software which is stored in ROM. Microcontroller AT89C52 continuously monitor the Infrared Receivers, When any object pass through the IR Receiver's then the IR Rays falling on the receiver are obstructed , this obstruction is sensed by the Microcontroller
Development
Development of a project includes the processes required to design and lay down the schematic layout of the block diagram of the project. It includes both the hardware and software development which are required to accomplish the task of the project. In the hardware development process, we integrate all the separate modules into a single entity and mount all the devicesof the circuit on a PCB i.e. Printed Circuit Board.
Whereas in the Software development, the programming of the microcontroller unit is done by Using Keil software. Software is a collection of programming and related data that provide the Instructions telling a computer or a microcontroller that what to do and how to do.
A Firmware which is a low-level software often stored on electrically programmable memory Devicese.g. microcontroller. Firmware is given its name because it is treated like hardware and run ("executed") by other software programs. The programming of the microcontroller is termed as the Firmware.
Testing and Validation
It includes the testing of the schematics of the devices used in the project. By testing the project, we can come to know whether the devices are connected properly or not. Testing also helps to find if there is any shorting between the devices of the circuit board. And validation is used to find that whether the project is working according to the requirement or not.Validation of the circuit board includes complex debugging of power problems i.e., to check whether the voltage regulators are getting proper voltage or not. A step-by-step debugging and analysis is required.
Documentation
Documentationisa part of evaluation and monitoring process of ongoing processes and programs. But most often, because of lack of time and man-power and skills, any meaningful recording of progress, process and experiences of such projects is neglected. This is a detailed description of the process included in the project development. It includes all the above processes in a documented form so that it can be used for the future research and development.
ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT:-
This Project is divided into five chapters. In the first chapter, the introduction of the project, background of the problem, objective of the problem, and methodology adopted for the project is provided.
In the second chapter, the literature review, scope, advantages and disadvantages of the project is provided.
In the third chapter, the block diagram and its description are provided.
In the fourth chapter of the report, the hardware designing and its description is given in which the circuit of the project and its designing process is described.
In the fifth chapter, the schematic diagram of the transmitter and receiver circuit is given and their description is also provided.
In the sixth chapter, the description of the software is provided.
In the seventh chapter, the testing process, result and the conclusion of the project is described.
Literature review for power saving system:-
In Residential houses and offices about 20 to 50 percent of total energy is consumed due to lighting load. Most importantly, for some buildings over 90 percent of lighting energy consumed can be an unnecessary expense through over-illumination. The cost of that lighting can be substantial. A single 100 W light bulb used just 6 hours a day can cost over $25 per year to use. Thus lighting represents a critical component of energy use today, especially in large office buildings where there are many alternatives for energy utilization in lighting.
Microcontroller unit (AT89C52):-
AT89C52 is a low-power, high performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8KB of Flash Programmable and Erasable Read Only Memory (PEROM). The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the MCS-51TM instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic Chip, the Atmel AT89C52 is a powerful microcontrollerwhich provides a highly flexible and cost effective solution to many embedded control applications.
SOFTWARE USED FOR THE DESIGNING:-
SmartDraw VP is software which is used to draw the schematic diagrams of the circuit. Just as the word processor makes it possible for anyone to create beautifully formatted written documentation, the visual processor makes it possible for anyone to create presentation-quality visuals just as easily.Before the visual processor, visuals had to be created manually with complex graphics software. Even for experts, producing a visual like a flowchart was time consuming and the results were often not presentation-quality. SmartDraw automates the creation of visuals to such a degree that anyone can do it, and get great results in minutes.