09-05-2014, 04:07 PM
Prosthesis-An era for physically challenged people
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ABSTRACT:
These days the major difficulties are faced by lame and handicapped people. Prosthesis gives a new life to these people by providing them with the gifts that a normal human being possess. This paper deals with implementing prosthesis with highest speed by uses by motors and CNTs taking care of the weight of the materials used in prosthesis.
INTRODUCTION
Since the beginning of time humans have felt the need to replace lost limbs for cosmetic, functional and psycho-spiritual reasons. Prosthetic limbs helps to give people back their independence and challenge stereotypes of disability. Prosthetic limbs are incredibly valuable to the amputees because a prosthesis can help restore some of the capabilities lost with the amputed limb.
What is a Prosthesis?
A prosthesis refer to an artificial replacement for any missing body part like fingers, toes, ears, eyes, noses and limbs as well. About 9000 products of prosthesis has been developed. Some of them are artificial pacemaker, hip and knee replacement, intraocular lenses, cardiac stents, bones, corneas and human tissues.
Modern Prosthetic Limbs:
Modern prosthetic limb replaces peg legs and mobility aiding sticks with power suits and robot arms. The prosthetic limb was once a static, inflexible mockery for the lost one but today, the incredible technology in the science of prosthetics makes them elegant examples of new technology and design that are awe inspiring. Electronic technologies make today’s advanced prosthetics more controllable, even capable of automatically adapting their function such as walking, running, etc.
The socket:
The prosthetic socket joins the residual limb to the prosthesis or artificial part with a liner interface that gives a cushion and comfortable fit to the recipient. It forms the second skin that lies between the movable muscle tissue and the hard core of the socket. It reduces friction and pressure points of the residual limb for protection. In order to do so, the prosthetic socket is custom-made for each patient according to the shape and condition of the residual limb and the respective mobility grade.
The socket is a portion of prosthetic device that interface the artificial part with the patient’s limb stump or residual limb. Because the socket transmits force from the prosthetic limbs to the body, it must be meticulously fitted to the residual limb to ensure that it does not cause irritation or damage to the skin or underlying tissues.
The suspension system:
The suspension system is what keeps the prosthetic limbs attached to the body. The suspension mechanism can come in several different forms such as straps, belts or sleeves which are used to attach the prosthetic device.
Foam cover:
The pylon is usually covered by a foam like material to give the shape of the limb which resembles exact limb of the recipient by taking proper measurements.
The Foot:
The feet are made from urethane foam with a wooden inner keel construction. Other materials commonly used are plastics such as polyethylene, polypropylene, acrylics, and polyurethane. Prosthetic socks are made from a number of soft yet strong fabrics. Earlier socks were made of wool, as are some modern ones, which can also be made of cotton or various synthetic materials.
PROPOSED MODEL:
The prosthetics commonly used these days is myoelectric prosthetics. The myoelectric prosthetics use a DC motor that is usually run by a battery, in order to control the movement of the limb and the fingers. This kind of prosthetics use electric sensors that get the data from the movement of muscles. It can provide high speed and strength to the limbs. The myoelectric prosthetics also suffer from its own disadvantage of giving higher amount of weight to the artificial limb. The weight generated is due to the motor and the battery used. This makes the user uncomfortable.
Conclusion:
Thus prosthesis with CNTs and micormotors can give reliably fast working and comfortably prosthesis and help in advancement in the field of medicals too.