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INTRODUCTION
Smart grid is an integration of electrical and digital technologies, information and communication.
Smart grid delivers electrical power to the consumers using two way digital technology.
An intelligent electricity- delivery system:
Energy suppliers and consumers: interconnect through a network
Smart Grid
Uses information technologies to improve how electricity travels from power plants to consumers.
Allows consumers to interact with the grid.
Integrates new and improved technologies into the operation of the grid.
Key Features
Energy efficiency
Direct load control
Distributed generation and cogeneration
Automated Demand Response
Smart Grid Attributes
Information-based
Communicating
Secure
Self-healing
Reliable
Flexible
Cost-effective
Dynamically controllable
How smart grid is used?
Foster communication between the energy company and the end consumer
Electricity is sent from:
Allows energy companies to track areas of high use, identify possible outages, and provide the proper service.
Goals
Setup a Electricity market
Self interested (producer, buyer, grid owner)
Free (no central regulation)
Efficient (no overload, no shortage)
Smart grid future
In the near future, will not be any vast development.
Risky because of financial demands and regulations.
In the long-run, attitudes will change, wide spread usage of the smart grid from every business to every home just like the Internet.
Advantages
Integrate isolated technologies : Smart Grid enables
better energy management.
Proactive management of electrical network during
emergency situations.
Better demand supply / demand response
management.
Better power quality.
Increasing demand for energy : requires more
complex and critical solution with better energy
management
Disadvantages
Present Infrastructure is inadequate and requires
augmentation to support the growth of Smart Grids.
Most renewable resources are intermittent and can
not be relied on (in its present form)for secure
energy supply.
Regulatory Policies to deal with consequences of
Smart Grid; like off peak, peak tariffs and other
related matters.
Grid Operation : Monitoring & control.
Applications
Wireless Sensor Network
Distributed weather sensing
Widely distributed solar irradiance, wind speed, temperature measurement systems to improve the predictability of renewable energy.
Health Monitor: Phasor measurement unit (PMU)
Measure the electrical waves and determine the health of the system.
Increase the reliability by detecting faults early, allowing for isolation of operative system, and the prevention of power outages.
Conclusion
Smart Grid provides intelligent, advanced power control for the next century
Many new technologies involve for supporting sensing, controlling, human interfaces.
Charging electricity cost is fundamental infrastructure can be implemented similar to stock market in smart grid.