14-10-2016, 12:11 PM
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INTRODUCTION
During the present days technology is all about the automation and wireless control of all the equipment used in industries, factories and households. Any equipment that can be controlled wirelessly is more easily maintained and it responds very fast comparing to the manual operation of the equipment. Automation is today's fact, where more things are being completed every day automatically, usually the basic tasks of turning on or off any devices and across, either remotely or in close proximity. The control of the appliances when completely taken over by the machines, the process of monitoring and reporting becomes more eventful.Automation is the use of control systems and information technologies to reduce the need for human work in the production of goods and services. Home/office automation is the control of any or all electrical devices in our home or office, Home/office automation is one of the most exciting developments in technology for the home that has come along in decades. There are hundreds of products available today that allow us control over the devices automatically, either by remote control; or even by voice command. Home automation(also called domotics) is the residential extension of "building automation". It is automation of the home, housework or household activity. Home automation may include centralized control of lighting, HVAC (heating,ventilation and air conditioning), appliances,and other systems, to provide improved convenience, comfort, energy efficiency and security.Renewable energy is generally defined as energy that comes from resources which are naturally replenished on a human timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and geothermal heat. Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct areas: electricity generation, hot water/space heating, motor fuels, and rural (off-grid) energy services.This paper is fully deploying the renewable energy resources based home automation system. Due to the advancement of wireless technology, there are several different of connections are introduced such as GSM, WIFI, ZIGBEE, and Bluetooth. Each of the connection has their own unique specifications and applications. The wireless communication is increasing day by day. This has motivated us to use mobile phones to remotely control household appliances and to receive a feedback SMS about the security and safety of the house.In this paper we describe a remote appliances control system which can control different household appliances by sending a SMS from a mobile phone and monitor the safety and security of the house just by a SMS. This controller is estremely handy at places where we have to control the ON and OFF switching of the devices as no wired connection is required between the switch and the home appliances as it can be controlled from any place in this world.
Solar energy
Renewable energy is generally defined as energy that comes from resources which are naturally replenished on a human timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and geothermal heat. Solar is an important source of renewable energy and its technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on the way they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar power.Solar photovoltaic (pv) in solar pannel modules generate electricity from sunlight.
Inverter
A power inverter, or inverter, is an electronic device or circuitry that changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC).The input voltage, output voltage and frequency, and overall power handling depend on the design of the specific device or circuitry. The inverter does not produce any power; the power is provided by the DC source.A power inverter can be entirely electronic or may be a combination of mechanical effects (such as a rotary apparatus) and electronic circuitry. Static inverters do not use moving parts in the conversion process.
Buck boost converter
The buck–boost converter is a type of DC to DC converter that has an output voltage magnitude that is either greater than or less than the input voltage magnitude.The buck-boost is a popular nonisolated, inverting power stage topology, sometimes called a step-up/down power stage. Power supply designers choose the buck-boost power stage because the output voltage is inverted from the input voltage, and the output voltage can be either higher or lower than the input voltage.
Microcontroller Board ATmega 2560
This is the main module of the whole system. On receiving a SMS text words are checked with predetermined format which contain commands to control the appliances and accordingly the appliances are switched ON or OFF. In case of home security the microcontroller is connected with sensors and in case of any discrepancy it will send a SMS to the owner.To read a message the microcontroller sends the appropriate AT command to the Receiver GSM Modem and it does the same in case of sending feedback message to the owner.
ARDUINO
The open-source Arduino environment allows user to write code and upload it to the I/O board. The environment is written in Java. The Arduino development environment contains a text editor for writing code, message area, text console, and toolbar with buttons for common functions, and a series of menus. It connects to the Arduino hardware to upload programs and communicate with them. Arduino programs are written in C or C++. Arduino features, capable of compiling and uploading programs to the Board with a single click. Software written using Arduino is called sketches. These sketches are written in the text editor. Sketches are saved with the file extension „.ino.‟ It has features for cutting/pasting and for searching/replacing text. The message area gives feedback while saving and exporting and also displays errors. The console displays text output by the Arduino environment including complete error messages and other information. The bottom right-hand corner of the window displays the current board and serial port. The toolbar buttons allow you to verify and upload programs, create, open, and save sketches, and open the serial monitor. As the Arduino platform uses Atmel microcontrollers, Atmel's development environment, AVR Studio or the newer Atmel Studio, may also be used to develop software for the Arduino.
GSM Mobile Handset
Cellular phone containing SIM (Subscriber‟s Identifying Module) card has a specific number through which communication takes place. The mode of communication is wireless and mechanism works on the GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) technology. Here, the user transmits instructions to the system to control the appliances in the form of SMS through an android application.
Receiver GSM Handset
The receiver GSM handset is used to receive the SMS sent by the user and then to transmit an acknowledgement or status to the user‟s mobile. The receiver handset has to be equipped with an ATModem and a valid SIM card. The handset has a built in AT modem with UART interface and supports most of the AT command instructions.This handset is attached with the microcontroller used to control the appliance through UART. AT Modem is a Modem which supports AT commands. The command set consists of a series of short text strings which combine together to produce complete commands for operations such as dialing, hanging up, and changing the parameters of the connection. Most modems follow the specifications of the Hayes command set.AT commands are instructions used to control a modem. AT is the abbreviation of Attention. Every command line starts with "AT" or "at".
Relay Module
The relay module drives (switches ON/OFF) the appliance according to the command sent in the SMS. The relay module is controlled by the microcontroller. It allows a low power 5V circuit to switch a relatively high current on or off for example a bulb connected to the 220V mains supply.
CONCLUSION
In this paper we discussed our project on GSM based home automation, which is very useful and also very economical. It provides simple and easy way to control the household appliances with a single SMS or by using an android application. The main advantage here is that even though the controlling can be done by the android application which has solar supply can be easily installed in the house and used.